Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Twelfth Night Essay...

William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night is a comedy, first published in 1623. Love is a key aspect of Shakespeare’s comedies in which self-identity is found through the development of love from infatuation to acknowledgement of character. Orsino is the epitome of Shakespeare’s transformation of self. In the beginning of the play, Orsino is self-absorbed and head-over-heels for Olivia. In this stage of love we see Orsino’s infatuation and selfishness in his feelings of love. As the play moves on, Viola comes into Orsino’s life and we see glimpses of Orsino’s understanding of what love is and how a person should feel with love. By the end of the play, Orsino realizes his self worth through his love for Olivia and how love really feels to care†¦show more content†¦Tell her my love, more noble than the world,... ‘tis that miracle and queen of gems That nature pranks her in attracts my soul (2.4, 81-87). In this quote, Orsino clearly states that Olivia is cruel to him, yet his love for her is because of her beauty. When Viola comes into Orsino’s life, we can begin to see a small shift in Orsino’s thoughts of love as Viola tells him her views. Orsino fully trusts Viola/Cesario as he tells her to go to Olivia and pursue her for him. Orsino states, â€Å"I have unclasped/To thee the book even of my secret soul† (1.4, 13-14), showing the reader that they have a close bond and trust between the two of them. When Orsino says, â€Å"Make no compare/Between that love a woman can bear me/And that I owe Olivia† (2.4, 102-104), Viola contradicts him and states, â€Å"In faith, they are as true of heart as we† (2.4, 107). Though Orsino doesn’t reply, it seems that Orsino believes Viola. There’s also a glimpse, almost a foreshadowing, of Orsino’s realization that Cesario is Viola when he states, â€Å"Is not more smooth and rubious; thy sma ll pipe/Is as the maiden’s organ, shrill and sound,/And all is semblative a woman’s part† (1.4, 32-34). In Act five, Orsino finds himself, his realization of true love comes out as he realizes Cesario is Viola, a woman, and they are a perfect match together. In the beginning of act five, it seems that the conversation between Feste and Orsino foreshadows Orsino’s realization. When Feste states that friends aren’tShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Social Mobility Through Marriage1655 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper critically analyses the theme of social mobility through marriage in Shakespeare’s play ‘Twelfth Night’. In addition, the paper highlights how different characters in the play got into higher social classes or desired to be in higher social classes through marriage. This paper holds that in a highly stratified society such as that presented in the Shakespeare’s play; marriage plays a significant role in in social class m obility. As opposed to some traditional society where marriage wasRead More Conflict and Harmony in The Tempest Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagestakes place.   This is one of Shakespeares best examples of how a natural harmony reveals itself through the actions of discourse and confusion.   To illustrate this idea best one must examine the historical context upon which The Tempest is based.   Because this play was published in the early 1600s, controversial cultural and political events undoubtedly surface.   Furthermore, by analyzing the sub-plots in the play, the reader has a better understanding of Shakespeares purpose for including multi-plotsRead MoreWit and Humor in Shakespeares Twelfth Night1997 Words   |  8 PagesTwelfth Night by William Shakespeare is a romantic comedy set in Illyria during the Christmas season. 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(RJ Prologue, 6) By contrast, in Twelfth Night the characters are soRead MoreEssay about Shakespeares Twelfth Night1780 Words   |  8 Pages Shakespeares Twelfth Night A study of William Shakespeares Twelfth Night, showing how Shakespeares choice of form, structure and language shape meaning Wit, andt be thy will, put me into good fooling! Those wits that think they have thee do very oft prove fools; and I that am sure I lack thee may pass for a wise man. For what says Quinapalus? Better a witty fool than a foolish wit. Shakespeares plays were written to be performed to an audience from different social classes andRead MoreShakespeare s Twelfth Night ( C. 1600-01 )2907 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION Twelfth Night (c. 1600-01) is a complicated play which deals with the nature of love, gender role and the intricate comic and tragic experiences of love. The characters have multiple layers of gender roles and sexual attractions which makes the issue of gender identity more complex. For example, Viola, the heroine of the play is dressed as a male, Cesario, throughout most of the play. As a male, Viola woos Olivia for Orsino, resulting in Olivia falling in love with Viola-as-Cesario.Read MoreWisdom in Twelfth Night Essay2738 Words   |  11 PagesBeyond Seriousness to Wisdom in Twelfth Night      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Shakespeare seems preoccupied with madness and folly in Twelfth Night. The word fool and its variants (foolery, foolish, and so forth) appear eighty times in the play, and the word folly occurs seven times. There are, in addition, other means of indicating foolishness such as Marias Now, sir, thought is free (1.3.67). As Feste suggests, Foolery ... does walk about the orb like the sun; it shines everywhere (3.1.39-40). Read MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1967 Words   |  8 Pages William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Twelfth Night† or â€Å"What You Will† was written around 1601-1602 with the primary performance being in February 1602. It is known to be a high point of Shakespearian comedy as it is one of Shakespeare’s finest works. Twelfth night was written to commemorate the close of the Christmas season being possibly one of the first ever holiday specials, kind of like the Middle Ages version of â€Å"Love Actually†. The play centres on the twins Viola and Sebastian, who are separated duringRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1155 Words   |  5 Pagesin society. They often try to meet expectations that society has made for them based on gender and social status. William Shakespeare reinforces these ideas in his play Twelfth Night, which introduces many meaningful messages about situations that still occur in society today. He clearly develops i mportant themes worthy of analysis. A few of these strong themes are about stereotypes and society’s expectations and rules, which he proves to be irrelevant most of the time. Many situations in the playRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1453 Words   |  6 Pagespersonal journals, diaries, or other documents available to help us understand Shakespeare’s thoughts or daily routine. Although there are numerous gaps in the concrete information known about his life, a substantial amount of information abstracted from available resources helps us make assumptions about the creative mind behind some of today’s most recognizable plays. As there is no known official record of Shakespeare’s exact date of birth, historical baptism records show that Shakespeare was born

Reflective Paper #2 Free Essays

Sammi Hintze Dr. Hawthorne October 20, 2012 Core 1 Reflective Paper #2 â€Å"I don’t know when they first had feeds. Like maybe, fifty or a hundred years ago. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Paper #2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before that, they had to use their hands and their eyes. Computers were all outside the body. They carried them around outside of them, in their hands, like if you carried your lungs in a briefcase and opened it to breathe† (47). Its crazy to think that to the characters in Feed think our life is so complex, when really we have more technology than we need. People survived life without cellphones, computers, and even electricity, and now our world is becoming ultra-dependent on these things. After reading the book Feed, various arguments can be made about whether today’s society will turn into the world Feed predicts, and be technology dependent. Is our world going to turn into the society that is depicted in Feed? Life is being controlled by technology, and hardly anybody can go a day without technology, and wanting to be a part of it with new technology products coming out like Project Glass. It is hard to not believe that our world is going to turn completely technology dependent, like the one in Feed. In the past, you had to send a letter in the mail you travel to see them to communicate with someone; if you wanted to talk to someone, you would have to put the effort into it and take the time to write them and wait for a response back. Then with technology advancing, the telephone was made and you could call someone to talk to them instead of writing a letter and waiting for the person to respond. Technology kept advancing, and now in today’s society, we hardly talk on the phone; we text instead, which is quick, easy, and effortless. This is what technology has done to human beings as a whole. It has brought wonderful advancements, yet at the same time, technology has been a curse and changed the way we view each other. No one really communicates with each other now; only through texting do we talk. This is lowering our communication skills with people and making us more and more dependent on technology, and most people do not realize that. It’s scary to wonder what is going to happen in the future. In Feed, the characters will be sitting right next to each other, and instead of talking to each other, they will talk to each other through the chat that goes through their Feed. This is deteriorating people’s communication and personal skills. I am scared that this is what our society is slowly becoming; we already have some of the characteristics and portray some of actions that the characters do in the book. Our society is so dependent on technology that most people don’t even use libraries anymore. When people need to do research for their papers, the first line of thought is to search Google. If we don’t find what we want on Google, we try another online search engine. Our last resort is to look at a library for a book or use an encyclopedia. Having the Internet in the palm of our hands is causing more and more people to become lazy and not as smart and advanced as they could become. Now even to read books we are using technology. In today’s society, more people are reading books online rather than going to the library to rent them or even purchasing them. Is the future ahead of us going to be all-online? This is a scary thought that runs through my head all the time. I don’t want to be dependent on all technology. That is only going to hurt us, and we will never learn new things. Technology has given us a great number of benefits, but there is a cost. By giving technology the opportunity to run the show, we’ve lost sight of how to perform these tasks on our own. When a computer system goes down, society is halted until that system is up and running again. Technology is here to stay, but it will only control us as much as we allow it. Currently, it seems we are content to allow it to run the show, and as a result, we’ve become very much dependent on technology to the point where, yes, we are controlled. We do have the power to live upon our own free manual and gadget-free will, but we choose not to. Google has come out with a new product called Project Glass. This directly correlates to what the Feed is. Project Glass is a research and development program developed in the form of glasses that show a display in front of you. Project Glass displays information in a smartphone-like format. Project Glass is also like the hands-free life and could interact with the Internet with natural language, voice commands. Since technology has advanced so much, these Glasses would be like wearing a computer. People are not going to benefit at all from these glasses; it is only going to make people more dependent on technology and less dependent on their brains and learning. To summarize, when all is said and done, technology rules the roost in today’s society. Technology has brought us wonderful innovations and helped us enormously, but as each year passes into another, more and more we, as human beings, rely on technology. Society today is controlled by technology to such an extent that we would find it virtually impossible to live without it. How to cite Reflective Paper #2, Essays

Temperament Parenting On Human Development -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Temperament Parenting On Human Development? Answer: Introducation Human development involves different age related changes in different stages from birth until death. The aim of the assignment is to explore this wide area of interest. The main stages in the human resource development includes prenatal development, infancy, childhood (early and middle), adolescent, adult (early, middle, and late) and old age (death and dying). At each stage a person, gain a capability to survive in life, to thrive, mature and become more competent (Feldman, 2016). Each stage of the development is necessary to understand as these changes takes place beyond the physical realm ad determine the cognitive and social capabilities. In this assignment, the focus is on mainly on the cognitive and social development of children. The essay highlights the factors influencing this development in children. Different aspects related to brain is considered as cognitive development including information processing, perceptual skill, language learning and other brain development aspects. These aspects are important to increase the well being of children and help them grow as competent adult (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). Jean Piagets cognitive developmental theory explained four stages of cognitive development. In the first stage called sensorimotor stage (0-2 years), a child collects the sensory data such as touch, smell, hearing, learning and learns the body movements. In the second stage or pre-operational stage (2-5 years), a child gains capability to think about objects symbolically and thinking remains egocentric. With memory, use of matured language, use of symbols the increase in intelligence is demonstrated at this stage. In the concrete operational stage, for 7-11 years, a child is capable of logical thinking and demonstrates reversible mental actions. A child at this age is capable of systematic manipulation of symbols related to objects. The formal operational stage beginning from 11 years onwards increases the capability in children to learn abstract concepts such love and engage in hypothesis testing (Modgil et al., 2013). Since Jack is 3 years old, he belongs to pre-operational stage. Social development refers to learning of social and emotional skills. It occurs across the lifespan and particularly gives attention to childhood and adolescence. This, development is essential to gain capability of establishing positive relationship with society (with family, friends, and relatives). Social development according to Erikson involves eight stages (Serafica, 2015). This eight stages starts from birth and continues until 18 years. At each stage there are different psychological crisis faced by the child. The stages and crisis at each stage are infant-18 months (trust vs. mistrust), 18 months-3 years (autonomy vs. Shame), 3-5 years (initiative vs. Guilt), 5-13 years (industry vs. Inferiority), 13-21 years (identity vs. role confusion), 21-39 years (intimacy vs. isolation), 40-65 years (generativity vs stagnation), lastly 65, and older (Ego integrity vs. despair) (McAdams Zapata-Gietl, 2015). Since Jack is three years old, the essay focuses on the second stage of develop ment, which is autonomy vs. Shame. At this stage, children learn new concepts and feel guilt or shame on failure to demonstrate the ability. These activities may include self care habits such as eating or demonstrate emotional skills such as determination to win in game. These skills are to be applied in real life (Overton, 2013). In the given case study, Jack is 3 years old child, thus he belongs to pre-operational stage. The normative cognitive development in children of this age is evident from rapid learning process. Language development and expression of interest symbolically is evident. For example a child may be quick in catching words such as papa or grandpa or the child may express interest in toys. Children may construct sentences of 250-500 words. This is the first step to thinking development. On the contrary, Jack shows non-normative development. He is only able to babble and speak one or two words. However, he may show other normative activities such as recognise himself in mirror (Bjorklund Causey, 2017). The normative social development at this age includes intention to perform daily activities of life independently. For example, dressing or toilet training. Taking assistance or relying on others may cause feeling of shame and psychological crisis. Jack in the case study has poor toilet traini ng, which is the sign of non-normative development. Other normative social development activities that he may demonstrate are taking turns in games or understand sharing of toys (Overton, 2013). Cognitive and social development is influenced by several factors. Two of the main factors are biological and environmental. Biological factors can be intelligence, sense organs or hereditary factors. Children can learn concepts quickly if they can collect stimuli, for which they need to have good sense organs. Children cannot attain full mental capacities if they have low intelligence, which may also be the factor for Jack, influencing his cognitive development (Brown Lan, 2013). Dual language can be other barrier causing speech delay in children. If the mother tongue and the language spoken in school or preschool is different, it can cause delay in speech development (Barac et al., 2014). Environmental factors such as parental support and learning opportunities in environment control the social and cognitive development. Parents can help a child get better cognitive capacity, by helping them to understand the environmental stimuli. By spending more time with parents and friends, c hildren becomes expressive and learn social and emotional skills faster. Poor maternal support and attachment can lead to worry elaboration (Grist Field, 2012). It can alter the temperament of children and ultimately the human development (Hong Park, 2012). Applying the cognitive development theory, delay in speech at this age is the non-normative development in Jack. Vanessa may need to consult physician to check if Jacks sense organs function normally. Jacks delay in speech development can also be due to low intelligence. Applying the social cognitive development theory, the poor toilet training is the non-normative development. In his case, parental and family support is lacking. Vanessa being working mother spends less time with Jack. He may not be getting enough learning opportunities that may delay his speech. At the day care centre, the caregiver may not have established strong relationship with the Jack. Childrens early development is also dependent on Familyschool connectedness (Serpell Mashburn, 2012). This may have hampered social and emotional skills. It may have hampered, his temperament and toilet training (Schoenmaker et al., 2015). Due to poor maternal support and interference, Jack may be lacking the virtue called will . These are the predictors of adaptive and social development in children with and without developmental delays (Green et al., 2014). Vanessa must modify Jacks learning environment. She can improve his psychosocial development. By increasing maternal support, play and learning opportunities can be increased. It will improve the mother-infant communication and attachment (Beebe Steele, 2013). The social and cognitive developmental theories are essential for nursing and midwife practice. Child and family health nurse can design appropriate interventions for Jack by recognising the factors causing his speech delay and poor toilet training. The nurse can modify the learning environment for Jack by increasing play opportunities and interaction with peers. Nurse can educate Vanessa about factors that can influence the cognitive and social development in children so that she can invest time for Jack. It will help the nurse to identify the abnormalities in child at an early stage (Bierman et al., 2014). The essay was helpful in understanding the human development across lifespan. Various biological and environmental factors influence the social and cognitive development in child. The theories explored in this regard are helpful for nursing practice. Nurses can maximise the wellbeing of child by using these concepts and improve emotional and social skills of children. References Barac, R., marketing, E., Castro, D. C., Sanchez, M. (2014). The cognitive development of young dual language learners: A critical review.Early Childhood Research Quarterly,29(4), 699-714. Beebe, B., Steele, M. (2013). How does microanalysis of motherinfant communication inform maternal sensitivity and infant attachment?. Management human development,15(5-6), 583-602. Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., Nix, R. L., Welsh, J. A., Gest, S. D. (2014). Integrating evidence-based preschool programs to support social-emotional and cognitive development.Promoting school readiness and early learning: Implications of developmental research for practice, 231-252. Bjorklund, D. F., Causey, K. B. (2017).Children's thinking: Cognitive development and individual differences. SAGE Publications. Brown, C. P., Lan, Y. C. (2013). The influence of developmentally appropriate practice on childrens cognitive development: A qualitative metasynthesis.Teachers College Record,115(12), 1-36. Feldman, R. S. (2016).Development across the life span. Pearson. Green, S., Caplan, B., Baker, B. (2014). Maternal supportive and interfering control as predictors of adaptive and social development in children with and without developmental delays.Journal of Intellectual Disability Research,58(8), 691-703. Grist, R. M., Field, A. P. (2012). The mediating effect of cognitive development on children's worry elaboration.Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry,43(2), 801-807. Hong, Y. R., Park, J. S. (2012). Impact of attachment, temperament and parenting on human development.Korean journal of pediatrics,55(12), 449-454. McAdams, D. P., Zapata-Gietl, C. (2015). Three strands of identity development across the human life course: Reading Erik Erikson in full.The Oxford handbook of identity development, 81-94. Modgil, S., Modgil, C., Brown, G. (Eds.). (2013).Jean Piaget. Routledge.

Specal Ed Observation Essays - Segregation, Disability,

Specal Ed Observation Special Education Visitation For my visitation I went to the public high school in my hometown of Vineland, NJ. Due to time constraints I was not able to visit the school on a weekday when classes were in session. I did however get to witness another part of the special education/inclusion program called the Rooster Buddies. I did, however, get some information on the special education program from an administrator via phone and fax. The special education program at Vineland High School (VHS) is only seven years old. VHS is on a seven-period day, and the Severely Handicapped (SH), Special Day Class (SDC), and Resource Special Program (RSP) teachers are only assigned students two or three periods. The majority of students are only enrolled in a Special Education class one or two periods, depending upon their individual need. The breakdown of each individual section of the special education program at VHS looks like this: SH 10 Students 1 Teacher 1 Aide SDC 30 Students 2 Teachers 2 Aides RSP 50 Students 2 Teachers 1 Aide The administrator that I spoke to wrote in a fax the Special Education classes are transitioning into study skills classes so the teacher can provide additional help and support for the student to succeed in the regular class environment. During the four or five periods, when the teachers and instructional aides do not have students assigned to them, they are providing support for their students in the regular education classroom. The level of support is directly related to two factors: 1) What the student needs to be successful. 2) What the teacher needs to help the student succeed. So the support provided by the teacher may be provided daily in the regular education classroom, in the form of helping the student take notes, monitoring behavior, doing a lab activity, etc. The support may also take the form of weekly program checks with the regular education teacher, modifying and/or adopting curriculum, or teachers meeting informally to talk. As I mentioned before, I didn't get to actually sit in on a class but the weekend that I was home the Rooster Buddies were holding a fund-raiser. At the annual City Series basketball game between my alma-mater Sacred Heart and VHS the Rooster Buddies were selling an assortment of baked goods. The Rooster Buddies is a student club that was started with the intent of helping students with severe disabilities make the adjustment from a self contained classroom in a county special education school to the relatively unstructured experience of a large high school. VHS has over 4,000 students. There are more than 75 non-handicapped students in the club and they work with over 30 students who have disabilities ranging from severe physical handicaps to students with learning disabilities. At the game there were about 15 students without obvious handicaps and 4 students with visible physical handicaps. Since I was not with the administrator at the game I was unable to determine just how many of the seemingly normal students were non-handicapped. From what I saw, the students seemed to work well with each other and actually they were pretty efficient. At halftime they were really swamped by fans and they worked well. The physically handicapped students weren't just ornaments. They actively participated, as much as they could. One of the students, Alex I'll call him, was apparently paralyzed from the waist down. He had full use of his upper body and was one of two kids taking money. Another student in a wheelchair, who appeared to be afflicted with a more serious handicap (perhaps a form of cerebral palsy) was using the tray on his chair as a table displaying various cookies. The purpose of the bake sale was to raise money for a trip to a local amusement park. I thought that this was a good way to entice non-handicapped students to participate in the program. Another thing that I noticed that I found encouraging was the fact that the students with handicaps were into the game, as fans. Up until about two minutes before halftime and then again two minutes into the third quarter the physically handicapped students found their way out into the gym and watched the game from right near the student section. They were cheering just

A transcendentalist

A transcendentalist is a person who believes people should learns things for themselves rather than just accept things the way they are. Mark Twain is known for his transcendentalist perspective, and it shows through in the character, Huckleberry Finn. The conflict between society and the individual is a theme portrayed throughout Mark Twain's novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck was not raised in accord with the accepted ways of civilization. He practically raises himself, relying on instinct to guide him through life. As portrayed several times in the novel, Huck chooses to follow his innate sense of right, but he does not realize that his own instincts are more morally correct than those of society.When Huck crosses paths with Jim, he sees him as an equal; I was ever so glad to see Jim. I warnt lonesome now. Being this concerned for a slave was a shunned idea and it took a lot of intelligence and free-thinking to accept a nigger as an equal. Though today, equal rights seems like a simple concept, Hucks society told him that whites were superior and to free a slave is theft. Huck struggles with societys morals when his God-given instincts provide the better guidance. Huck writes a letter to Miss Watson to return Jim, but he ends up ripping the letter and decides to free Jim. All right, then, I'll go to hell and he tore it up. Here, we see society has tainted Hucks conscience so that he believe he will go to hell for freeing a slave.Though society does have some influence on him, its minimal compared to that of the average guy in the south in the 1870s. From the very beginning of Huck's story, Huck clearly states that he did not want to conform to society; The Widow Douglas she took me for her son, and allowed she would sivilize me... I got into my old rags and my sugar hogshead again, and was free and satisfied.

Alcohol Is the Worst Drug in the United States

A 2010 study by the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs ranked alcohol as â€Å"most harmful† drug on a list of 20 drugs. Alcohol ranked higher than crack and heroin when the potential harm to individuals and others was examined. Alcohol causes physical, psychological and social problems. Alcohol is a depressant that affects every part of the human body. Alcohol affects the part of the brain that controls coordination, memory, judgment and decision-making. Each year, more than 5,000 people under the age of 21 die from underage drinking. Another 1,900 die from car accidents. And still more people die from alcohol-related homicides, suicides and other alcohol-induced accidents. Alcohol costs the U. S. over 184. 6 billion dollars in 1998, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This cost was more than the estimated cost of all other illegal substances put together-$143. billion-during 1998. Although alcohol has been dubbed the most harmful drug, it is not the drug that does the most harm to an individual. In fact, alcohol earned this dubious honor because of the effect that alcohol has on the people around the alcoholic. Herion, crack cocain and metamfetamine are much more harmful to a person’s body than alcohol is. In a later study in the British Medical Journal, alcohol was found to be the fourth most dangerous drug after heroin, crack and crystal meth. This same study deemed alcohol to be the second most dangerous drug to society. Some people say that alcohol should be banned. Despite the overwhelming evidence that alchol is very bad for indivduals and their loved ones, alcohol remains legal in the U. S. During the 1920’s the US banned alcohol during a time called Prohibition. This policy is considered to have been a failure because it lead to more organized crime, increased alcoholics and negatively impacted the economy. Alcohol continues to be advertised on television and radio, apparently enticing people to continue to buy and drink alchol. Alcohol will always be legal. Alcohol is a big part of our American culture. It is embraced and celebrated by people of all ages every day. Our country is not prepared to make the consumption of alcohol illegal. Doing so would clog the court systems, lead to corruption of officials and cripple the U. S. econmy due to the lost tax money generated by the sale of alcohol. People do need to be educated on the dangers of alcohol so each person can make the best decision for themselves and their family, which would be to avoid alcohol alcohol all together. References Alaraki, M. (2010). Alcohol is society’s most dangerous drug. Retrieved from http://www. dailyfinance. om/2010/11/01/alcohol-is-societys-most-dangerous-drug/ Nutt, D. J. , (2010). Drugs harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet 376(9752), 1558-1565. Doi: 10. 1016/50140-6736(10)61462-6 Grohol, J. M. (2010). Alcohol the Most Dangerous Drug? Probably not. Retrieved from http://psychcentral. com/blog/archives/2010/11/01/alcohol-the-most-dangerous-drug-probably-not/ Neurobonnkers . (2012). The largest ever study in to drug harms places alcohol in the top four. Retrieved from http://neurobonkers. com/2012/08/06/the-largest-ever-study-in-to-drug-harms-places-alcohol-in-the-top-four/ Alcohol Is the Worst Drug in the United States A 2010 study by the Independent Scientific Committee on Drugs ranked alcohol as â€Å"most harmful† drug on a list of 20 drugs. Alcohol ranked higher than crack and heroin when the potential harm to individuals and others was examined. Alcohol causes physical, psychological and social problems. Alcohol is a depressant that affects every part of the human body. Alcohol affects the part of the brain that controls coordination, memory, judgment and decision-making. Each year, more than 5,000 people under the age of 21 die from underage drinking. Another 1,900 die from car accidents. And still more people die from alcohol-related homicides, suicides and other alcohol-induced accidents. Alcohol costs the U. S. over 184. 6 billion dollars in 1998, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. This cost was more than the estimated cost of all other illegal substances put together-$143. billion-during 1998. Although alcohol has been dubbed the most harmful drug, it is not the drug that does the most harm to an individual. In fact, alcohol earned this dubious honor because of the effect that alcohol has on the people around the alcoholic. Herion, crack cocain and metamfetamine are much more harmful to a person’s body than alcohol is. In a later study in the British Medical Journal, alcohol was found to be the fourth most dangerous drug after heroin, crack and crystal meth. This same study deemed alcohol to be the second most dangerous drug to society. Some people say that alcohol should be banned. Despite the overwhelming evidence that alchol is very bad for indivduals and their loved ones, alcohol remains legal in the U. S. During the 1920’s the US banned alcohol during a time called Prohibition. This policy is considered to have been a failure because it lead to more organized crime, increased alcoholics and negatively impacted the economy. Alcohol continues to be advertised on television and radio, apparently enticing people to continue to buy and drink alchol. Alcohol will always be legal. Alcohol is a big part of our American culture. It is embraced and celebrated by people of all ages every day. Our country is not prepared to make the consumption of alcohol illegal. Doing so would clog the court systems, lead to corruption of officials and cripple the U. S. econmy due to the lost tax money generated by the sale of alcohol. People do need to be educated on the dangers of alcohol so each person can make the best decision for themselves and their family, which would be to avoid alcohol alcohol all together. References Alaraki, M. (2010). Alcohol is society’s most dangerous drug. Retrieved from http://www. dailyfinance. om/2010/11/01/alcohol-is-societys-most-dangerous-drug/ Nutt, D. J. , (2010). Drugs harms in the UK: a multicriteria decision analysis. The Lancet 376(9752), 1558-1565. Doi: 10. 1016/50140-6736(10)61462-6 Grohol, J. M. (2010). Alcohol the Most Dangerous Drug? Probably not. Retrieved from http://psychcentral. com/blog/archives/2010/11/01/alcohol-the-most-dangerous-drug-probably-not/ Neurobonnkers . (2012). The largest ever study in to drug harms places alcohol in the top four. Retrieved from http://neurobonkers. com/2012/08/06/the-largest-ever-study-in-to-drug-harms-places-alcohol-in-the-top-four/

One page commentary on a poem by Pablo Neruda Essay

One page commentary on a poem by Pablo Neruda - Essay Example ld view and into their daily lives, the author makes the comparison that regardless of what approach or what particular viewpoint the individual has, they will all arrive at â€Å"rivers end† together. This type of analogy helps the reader to understand that no matter the different world view espoused by the person in question, the fact of the matter is that regardless of viewpoint espoused or particular means of knowledge acquisition, we all have to share the same planet and death ultimate takes us all (Neruda 1). Such an understanding is of course not terribly deep in and of itself; however, the fact of the matter that the writer of the poem is attempting to grip the reader with is that the great diversity of thought, understanding, and worldview that exists currently should not be seen as a point of division among the many people groups, tribes, ethnicities or political parties of the world but rather as an identification of a type of oneness that exists under the

Campaign rhetoric Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Campaign rhetoric - Coursework Example It cuts across various age brackets but the young generation is at greater risk of extinction from the vice. The private-public partnership has innovated various ways of sensitizing the society against the problem. In the poster below, the timeline of a smoker is measured against the length of time one smoked. In essence, the poster offers an intriguing scenario where victims of smoke apparently reduce their life span by estimated 14 minutes for every cigarette stick. This poster is relevant in the college set up where it serves to address the rising trend of young people smoking. Besides, the female victims face even a greater risk due to their reproductive role. The mode of presentation of this message constitute visual picture and text message which seek to assert the health related risk of continuous smoking. The campaign offers an insight into the relevance of rhetoric tools when it comes to creation of posters. Media always applies such techniques to enhance the conveyance of the message and yield significant response. (http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://m1.behance.net/rendition/modules/20170961/disp/df7b4174062b5f5a9b4ff91e6d84ad05.jpg&imgrefurl=https://www.behance.net/gallery/2679779/Anti-Smoking-Campaign&h=400&w=600&tbnid=H5OXbx8KHqOIVM:&zoom=1&docid=_s6R0tGQjuQxaM&ei=Lbu9VKyEJ8HR7Qb5-YAo&tbm=isch&ved=0CDkQMygCMAI) The poster has a wide scope of rhetoric elements. In the first instance, the picture of a smoke makes it obvious that the problem under consideration is cigarette smoking. The measurement labeled against the sides of the cigarette conveys a message of how smoking gradually reduces the life of the victim. Basically the communicator is an expert in all facts surrounding smoking in the society. The audience targeted in this poster is the young people who still have more years of productivity if only they can shun smoking. The target audience is clearly evident in the message that accompanies the

Paradise Lost by John Milton Essay Example for Free

Paradise Lost by John Milton Essay 1 Language has the ability to make sin look attractive Tis Pity was published by John Ford in 1633 and is set in Italy, the heart of the Renassiance. John Milton published Paradise Lost in 1667, relatively soon after John Ford, and was the first epic poem to be written in blank verse. Both writers push the boundaries of literature by exploring untouched, taboo subjects: incest and The Fall of Man. During this period of time, soon after the Renassiance period, many artists and writers were challenging society by introducing a range of different styles and genres. This meant that Ford and Milton both intended to tempt controversy through their pieces of literature; yet, the seductive choice of language has instead caused an attractiveness to both texts. It is this attraction to the language, and utter skill behind these writers intentions, that has enabled both texts to withstand the test of time. In Book Nine of Paradise Lost, Milton begins to introduce Satan as the Serpent; however, he manages to draw the audience away from Satans intentions by presenting his physical beauty. As the Serpent Addressed his way towards Eve, with the desire to cause corruption, he moves not with intended wave. Instead, he towers fould above fould a surging Maze, with the colours of Verdant Gold. By giving the Serpent distinct characteristics, he is separating him from the other creatures in the Garden of Eden, therefore drawing Eves attention to his uniqueness. The repetition of fould above fould gives the sense of an illusion, something which Eves eyesight is unable to comprehend; which is then reinforced by surging Maze, giving this illusion speed and power, causing a greater confusion on Eves behalf. The vivid description of verdant Gold gives the Serpent a very rich colouring, thus reiterating his importance in the Garden. When Satan finally decides to confront Eve, he becomes erect, giving himself a sense of empowerment. This is when Miltons narration confirms the beauty of his language, as he mentions how pleasing was his shape / and lovely. For an audience, this outsid e interpretation almost gives a sense of comfort, as they too are lost in his physical beauty. Finally, as the Serpent begins to speak, his ability to compliment and seduce enables him to make his way into the heart of Eve. There are clear similarites between Satan in Paradise Lost and Vasques in Tis Pity: both have a masterful use of rhetoric. As Vasque attempts to gather information from Putana, he mentions how her by proving themselves  to be devoted to these women, they are appealing to their naivity and giving a false sense of trust. Their seductive use of language causes them to become impassioned, as they begin to realise their ability to attract these women. The absence and withdrawal of language in both texts is equally as attractive to an audience. In Paradise Lost Book Nine, the pivotal point when Eve eats the Forbidden Fruit is simply expressed in four words, she plucked, she eat. The use of these monosyllables reinforces how emphasis can be achieved through simplicity. Extending on this further, Miltons constant elaboration and care to detail is deliberately dismissed here to send an even greater message to his audience: mankind cannot blame Eve for causing the Fall as she simply ate the fruit. By refusing to focus on Eves decision to eat the Fruit, he is daringly challenging conventional views that women are the only cause of sin. John Ford in Tis Pity has a similar intention through his portrayal of Hippolyta; her refusal to be silenced goes against the view of womens inferiority. This is achieved in Act Two Scene two, as she powerfully enters with Tis I;. These two words are separate from the rest of her speech in order to hold suspense and give her a greater presence on stage. Fords intention is for the audience to immediately be drawn to her in preparation for her criticism towards Soranzo. As both Ford and Milton are so skilled in writing attractively and deliberately trying to engage an audience, it is even more effective when they suddenly withdraw; the audience become responsible in using their own imagination, in attempt to understand the message these writers intend to express. In Tis Pity, the most effective use of language is through convincing an audience that Giovanni and Annabella have a natural, loving relationship. In Act One Scene Two, when Giovanni admits his love for Annabella and she responds evenly, he ends the scene with After so many tears as we have wept, lets learn to court in smiles, to kiss and sleep. Finally Giovanni is no longer impassioned, I have too long suppressed the hidden flames, and is instead able to appreciate the natural rawness of their love. Not only that, but by referring to their ability to weep, smile, kiss and sleep, he is expressing emotions which audiences are able to relate to; proving that their relationship isnt as unnatural as first assumed. During this particular moment, the audience become so engaged in the text that they forget about the theme of incest and instead support the  purity of their relationship. John Miltons depiction of Satan creates a similar sense of curiosity into the ability to sympathise with him. This is highlighted when he observes Eve for the first time and becomes of enmitie disarmd/ of guile, of hate, of envie, of revenge. The repetition of guile, hate, envie, revenge proves how Satan is gradually striped of his emotions associated with evil, and is instead left vulnerable through his admiration. The power of Eves beauty forces him to become abstracted from his own evil, thus demonstrating the ability to respond humanely. During this moment, Milton is allowing the audience the opportunity to make their own viewpoint of Satan; isolated from the conventional, one-dimensial presentation of him. The beauty of both texts is not caused by convincing the audience that sin is attractive, but instead pushing them into sympathising, admiring and simply enjoying pieces of literature beyond expectation.

Sex Equality Essay -- Gender Roles, Sex Discrimination, Title IX

Sex Equality Title IX is a sex discrimination issue that was brought up in 1972. Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in school programs and school activities (source 1). Title IX includes all high schools, colleges, and universities. Since 1972, Title IX, has made a big difference in academics, athletics, and employment oppurtunities for girls and women. A guiding principal in America states that equal opportunity is not rhetoric (source 1). The most drastic progress from the Title IX issue is in interscholastic and intercollegiate athletics. Although sex discrimination continues to be noticed in education and athletic programs (source 1). Title IX’s implementing regulations have exact provisions dealing with athletic programs and all scholarships. Title IX provides, to the people, the circumstances that if an institution operates or sponsors any athletic programs, they must provide equal athletic oppurtunities for both sexes. The Office for Civil Rights is to consider whether an institution is correctly issuing the athletic interest and abilities of students of both sexes (source 1). Women now make up the majority of the students in America’s colleges and universities, along with the majority of recipients of master’s degrees (source 2). Regardless, colleges and universities still give lower amounts of treatment to women’s athletics while spending a large chunk of the money on men’s athletics. Title IX became part of the amendments of education on June twenty-third, 1972. â€Å"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subject to discrimination under any educational programs or acticity receiving federal financial assistanc... ...that receive federal education money (source 5). The 2005 rule allowed schools to meet the requirements of the third prong by using an e-mailed survey to female students. This survey would be able to ask students about their athletic interests (source 5). Title IX increased the amount of women that participate in college sports (source 4). The number has more than quintupled (30,000 to 186,000) since 1972. Coaches have used many ways to inflate the number of women on athletic teams. They have been trying this because the higher the number of women in college sports, the more positions can be added to men’s sports teams (source 4). It seems evident that limiting the number of women and girls is also limiting the nation as a whole (source 2). This limitation keeps females from realizing their full potential. It just gives males free reins over the world (source 2).

“Living With Music” by Ralph Ellison Essay

In this essay, Living With Music, Ralph Ellison speaks of the importance of music in a person’s life. He presents the contributions that it offers, such as giving people understanding, order, and meaning, while it also helps us shape our own unique social and cultural identity. Firstly, Ellison describes his first experiences with music. During his childhood years, he played a brass horn. He remembers how his music teacher and tradition says to play what he heard and felt around him, but like most music teachers do, they stress the importance of playing what a person is supposed to hear and feel, making music so unenthusiastic. He recalls of the deafening and shrieking noises he made, instead of playing a smooth flow of notes. Like most kids, he eventually gave up on playing the instrument, for he found it dead and a bore. It was later on in his life that he met up with music again. He had a neighbor that lived on top of his apartment. Her notes, apparently, were off, and sometimes she would shriek. To get back at her, he bought a speaker system, which he used to drown and to contradict her â€Å"music.† Only when he moved away to a new apartment was when he realized that he missed the music that he heard. Ralph Ellison apprehended the power of music. He realized that music can is a constant reminder of your past and of whom you were, while it reminds us of our aspirations. At the same time, it is an escape. It helps to drown the troubles in life, as he did to drown the horrible notes that his neighbor sung. Music will not only calm when one is troubled, it will resurrect and liven him.

Tell About the Time When You Gained Something Precious

It was cold that October morning in Elizabeth City, NC. I hardly slept at all the night before and 4a. m. had come very early. It didn’t matter; I had to be at the hospital at 6a. m. It was finally time for the world to meet baby Valarey and for baby Valarey to meet the world. It was time, time to have my precious baby. By 7a. m. I was hooked up to my IV. By 9a. m. the nurses had me hooked up to a fetal monitor that monitored my baby and my contractions. I was now stuck in this not so comfortable bed until after my baby was born. My labor had started on its own but my doctor decided to start a Pitocin drip to induce my labor and make it go a little faster. It was now 4p. m. and was time for the epidural. My husband almost passed out after watching the elongated needle go into the small of my back! It took everything in me to whisper â€Å"Something’s wrong† to the nurse. Everything went dark and I could hear a beeping noise that sounded like it was fading in the distance. I was dying, slowly slipping away from this world. When I finally regained consciousness I looked at my husband in dismay. The look on his face was complete trepidation. He told me that my blood pressure had plummeted and they had almost lost me. The nurse asked me how I was feeling and I told her I was ok. It seemed like I had been out for a very long time but my husband said it was only seconds. He said that the nurse had to inject me with some emergency medication to bring my blood pressure back to normal. It was now about 9p. m. and the nurse told me it was time to have my baby. It was pushing time! You could see the excitement is my husband’s face. I was just as excited! We were about to meet our second baby. To finally see what she looked like, to hear the sounds of here cries and to feel her soft skin. The pushing began but the doctor was not in the room yet. My knees were up to my ears and my chin was on my chest as I pushed with all my might, bearing down as hard as I could. After pushing really hard three times everyone in the room started to yell stop! Stop pushing! I thought something was wrong. The baby’s head was out. Her beautiful mystical blue eyes were fluttering like a butterflies wings. Soft, fine almost white, blonde hair and ivory fair skin was the first thing we saw of her. The doctor walked in the room all suited up and the pushing began again. After just a few more pushes our second baby girl was delivered. She was 8lbs even and 19 1/2in long. Valarey Joyce Hunter was born at 9:45p. m. on October 30th, 2001. She was the most beautiful and inestimable thing I had ever seen.

Stability Essays

Stability Essays Stability Essay Stability Essay Stable. Strong oxidizer contact with combustible material may cause fire. Incompatible with combustible materials, and strong reducing agents.ToxicologyHarmful if swallowed. May cause reproductive disorders.AimThe aim of this experiment is to determine the crystallisation temperature of the solution potassium nitrate at different concentrations and use information to find out the standard enthalpy of potassium nitrate.Equipment and reagents* Boiling tubes* Dark card* Bunsen burner* Thermometer* Weighing scale* Burette (50cm3)* Clamp* Stand* Potassium nitrate* Deionised water/ distilled waterSafety* Wear goggles for eye protection at all times.* Laboratory coats must be worn at all times.* Wear gloves to avoid chemical contact to skin, potassium nitrate.* Long hair was tied back when Bunsen burners were used.Procedure1. 10g of potassium nitrate were weighed out and placed into a boiling tube, and then the exact mass was noted in a result table.2. Exactly 8.0cm3 of deionised water was added to the boiling tube containing the potassium nitrate. This was done by using a burette.3. The tube was then heated gently until the crystals were dissolved and then the heat source was removed.4. The tubes were allowed to cool for safety reasons. The temperature at which the crystals were first appeared was noted. A dark card was used for this purpose. The results were recorded.5. A further 25cm3 of distilled water was added and steps 3-4 were repeated.6. A further 25cm3 of distilled water was added and steps 3-4 were repeated again.7. A further 25cm3 of distilled water was added and steps 3-4 were repeated again.In my own opinion I think the above procedure will be a suitable method as it will not take a lot of time to perform and also it is quite simple to carry out. However, it could be a bit imprecise as we have to watch and determine when the crystals of potassium nitrate forms and reforms, then try to read the temperature of the thermometer. This difficulty could result in a slight inaccurate measurements as valuable seconds are wasted between seeing the crystals reforming and reading the measurements on the thermometer, which means that the temperature would have increased further from when crystals first formed as the Bunsen burner would still be heating the boiling tube.Alternative methods1. compare my results with other class students or with txt books results:AdvantagesdisadvantagesThis would be an appropriate way to check if my results are rational. As if I had extremely different results to numerous other students, then It would be unlikely that all of them would be wrong.It is impossible to be 100% accurate in measuring temperature and reagents, therefore the results will differ slightly between students.2. Perform the experiment several times for each volume of water and take an average.AdvantagesdisadvantagesThis method would be a lot more precise.It would take too long to carry out3. Guess the crystallisation temperature.Advantagesdisad vantagesFor this method there wouldnt be any calculations other than for the enthalpy, therefore this method would be straightforward.This would be very inaccurate.I think my method didnt need to be altered in any way to adapt to the experiment because the method I used went easily.ResultsVolume of watercnR.In cnCrystallisation temperatureReciprocal of absolute temperature 1/T(cm3)(mol dm3)(R = 8.31 Jmol-1 K-1)( 0C) T(K)(K-1)8.012.3620.9062 3352.98 x 10-310.89.8919.0456 3293.04 x 10-312.08.2417.5347 3203.13 x 10-314.07.0616.2442 3153.17 x 10-3Table of values for the line of best fit.R.ln SReciprocal of absolute temperature 1/T(R = 8.31 J mol-1 K-1)(K-1)Y 1 and X121.350.00290Y 2 and X215.000.003255The estimation of S (the intercept) was noted from these pairs of values.If Y 1 = mX 1 + c and Y 2 = mX2 + cThen (Y 1 c) / X1 =( Y 2 c ) / X 2X2Y1 X2c = X1y2 X1cc = (X2Y1 X1Y2) / (X2 X1)The gradient, m = (Y1 Y2) / (X1 X2)The expression gradient = H was used to find H, the enthalpy of solution of potassium nitrate.Intercept = S = 73.2 J mol-1 K-1Gradient = H = 17.9 K j mol-1By comparing the values I obtained from my results to those of the line of best fit I was able to estimate the SD of the values I had calculated for S and H the following table shows the results.R.in cn1/T values (a)1/T values calculated from best fit line (b)Difference for each 1/T value, as a fraction of the best fit value.(a-b)/bDifference2(R = 8.21 Jmol-1 K-1)K-1K-120.900.002980.0029250.01883.5344 x10-419.040.003040.003033.300 x10-31.089 x10-517.530.003130.0031135.461 x10-32.9822521 x10-516.240.003190.00319-6.2696 x10-33.93 x10-5CalculationsMolar mass (KNO) =K= 39N= 14O= 3 X16= 39 + 14 + 48= 101.11gNumber of moles :Amount = mass = 10.00 = 0.0989 mol dm-3Molar mass 101.11Concentration:Concentration = amountVolume(a) 8 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 12.36 mol dm-38/1000(b) 10 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 9.89 mol dm-310/1000(c) 12 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 8.24 mol dm-312/1000(d) 14 cm3 : C = 0.0989 = 7.06 mol dm-314 /1000R.In cn:(a) 12.36 mol dm-3 : ln (12.36) = 2.514= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 2.51=20.90(b) 9.89 mol dm-3 : ln (9.89) = 2.2915= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 2.29=19.04(c) 8.24 mol dm-3 : ln (8.24) = 2.1090= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 2.11=17.53(d) 7.06 mol dm-3 : ln (7.06) = 1.954= R X ln (concentration)=8.31 x 1.95=16.24Crystallisation temperature in KelvinK = (0C ) + 273(a) 620C : 62+ 273 = 335K(b) 560C : 56 + 273 = 329K(c) 470C : 47+ 273 = 320K(d) 420C : 42+ 273 = 315KReciprocal 1/T(a) 20.90 : 1/335 = 2.98 X 10-3(b) 19.04 : 1/329 = 3.04 X 10-3(c) 17.53 : 1/320 = 313 X 10-3(d) 16.24 : 1/315 = 317 X 10-3GradientY = mx + cm = (y2 y1)(x2 x1)m = 15.00 21.350.003255 0.00290m = -6.35 .3.55 x 10-4m = -17,887.32394 Kj mol= -17.89 Kj molH = 17.89 Kj molS = (0.003255 x 21.35 0.00290 x 15.00)(0.003255 0.00290)S = 0.06949425 0.04353.55 x 10-4S = 73.223= 73.2Differences for each 1/T valueD = a-b / b(1) D = 0.00298 0.002925 = 0.01880.02925(2) D = 0.00304 0.00303 = 3.300 x 10- 30.00303(3) D = 0.00313 0.003113 = 5.461 x 10-30.003113(4) D = 0.00317 0.00319 = -6.2696 x 10-30.00319Differences2(1) (0.0188)2 = 3.5344 x 10-4(2) (3.300 x 10-3)2 = 1.089 x 10-5(3) (5.461 x 10-3)2 = 2.9822521 x 10-5(4) (-6.2696 x 10-3)2 = 3.93 x 10-5? (difference) 2 = 4.33 x 10-4Standard deviationSD = V? (- X X) 2 = V 4.33 X 10-4 = 0.01n 4S : % error = 73.2 + 0.01% error = 0.01 x 100 = 0.01%H : % error = 17.9 + 0.01% error = 0.01 x100 = 0.06%17.9DiscussionOn the whole I believe that my experiment went quite well because everything was conducted according to plan. I discussed my experiment and my results with my lecture and were said to be reasonably accurate. I also believe that any inaccuracy in my results was due to inexperience and human error, when measurements of weight, temperature and volume were made. My final results were obtained using results from a line of best fit placed on my graph this could have also caused a slight of inaccuracy in my results. These results could have been imprecise as extremely small numbers were used which were difficult to plot correctly on the graph and I had estimated where the points were to be placed. Also I had to estimate where to place my line of best fit. Additionally the inaccuracy could have been due to the thermometer I used, as there was a small gap between seeing the crystal and recording the temperature. For this reason I couldnt be as accurate as I would have been liked to be as because you had to be very quick in reading the temperature which was constantly changing. Furthermore, it was quite difficult to distinguish between small particles that had formed and air bubbles in the solution. Plus, it was hard to actually say what amount of particles formed, was the right amount to take the solution off the heat source and note the results.In my own opinion I think that my method was a suitable one because it gave me accurate results and didnt take up too much time to proceed.ImprovementsThe improvements that could have been made to make my experiment more accurate are to be more careful in measuring reagents and also to use a more accurate thermometer. In addition, a larger scaled graph could have been used as results would have been plotted more accurately.Confidently in future I would be more experienced in carrying out the experiment and would be more precise at spotting the crystals when they form.Conclusion and % errorThermometer 0.10620 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%62560 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%56470 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%47420 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.2%42Average % error = 0.2%Burette 0.1cm38cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 1.3%810cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 1%1012cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.8%1214cm3 : % error = 0.1 x 100 = 0.7%14Average % error = 1.3 + 1+ 0.8 +0.7 = 0.95%4Weighing scales + 0.01g% error = 0.01 x 100= 0.1% Show preview only

Business Decision Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Decision Making - Assignment Example This involves internal and external assessment. The next process involves setting goals and selecting opportunities. The process involve getting specific to the intended purpose of the data collection process. The next process in planning is the approach and data to be used. This utilizes size of data to be collected. The next process will be collecting the required data. The sampling frame desirable for the study is that which will involve identification and measure of every single item in the population of interest. The sampling frame will include identification of every single element and include any in the sample. The method of sampling used in the process will be systematic random sampling. The method is chosen as it will be able to cover all aspects in the chosen population. This is the value that occupies the middle position when all data obtained are arranged in ascending order or descending order. The main disadvantage in the use of median is that it is not affected by very big or small values. The disadvantage of the method is that it takes a long time to compute when dealing with large sets of data (Fitzgerald, 2002). It does not also use all data available in a sample. Mode is the data occurring most frequently in the data. The advantage of the method is that it is the only measure that can be used for data measure in the normal scale. The disadvantage of the method is that is not used in statistical analysis as it is not algebraic defined. Mean is the average number of a data set. The data method has the advantage of using all the data to find the answer. The advantage of using the method is that very large or small numbers are able to distort the answer obtained. Management information is important in organizations as it is used in all the stages of an organization, planning, directing and controlling organizations. In strategic management stage, management information systems are used in

Fast Food and Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fast Food and Obesity - Essay Example Most of the obese people apart from overeating are found of eating fast foods as their daily meals. It is because of this that many researchers have been done to prove if there is any relationship between the eating habit of obese people and the their weight. Fast food restaurants have provided a cheap and efficient way that most people can take midday snuck without having to go back home and cook their meals. However closer research show that most of the people who mostly depend on fast food show a sign of being obese. This is because of the fatty nature of the foods that are found in the fast food restaurants and the way that the foods are prepared. Most of the foods that are found in fast food restaurants are also prepared faster so that they can increase the profits made in expense to the health of their customers. It is because of this that this in depth analysis was done to find out if there is any relationship between fast foods and obesity. Many researchers have shown that no rmal weight people who at one point of their lives decided to take a different turn in their eating habit and moved to fast foods due to any unavoidable circumstance later shown some increase in their general weight. Though other researchers have proved that some forms of obesity are genetic, most of the cases that are present in our times are mainly caused by the fast foods that most people take. To support the arguments in this paper, 10 different articles are reviewed to give support to the effects of fast food restaurants in the society. I hope to find the relationship between fast foods and the issue of overweight. I also hope to find a solution that can be used to reduce the obesity by good eating habit or even revive the people who have some effects on them. Isganaitis, E, and RH Lustig. "Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity."  Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 25.12 (2005): 2451- 62. Print. The authors of this anthropological article, â€Å"Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity," are Isganaitis and RH Lustig. In their attempt to convince Americans about the effects of fast food, they write a scholarly article. This scholarly article is mainly written to the general public to try and inform them about the dangers of fast foods. The main idea of this article is the effect of fast food on overweight people and how they can reverse this. The article mainly focuses on the obese people living in America and who are addicted to fast foods. This article is relevant to this topic as it describes the relationship between obesity and fast foods showing clearly that there is a significant relationship between obesity and fast foods. This article is very effective in convincing obese people on how to live a healthy life that would not be based on dependency on fast food. It is also effective in warning people who are not yet obese that the road to obesity is in the eating of fast foods ev ery day. In short it warns people against fast foods. Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic : Report of a Who Consultation. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000. Print. This historical article â€Å"Obesity: Preventing and Managing the Global Epidemic â€Å" is written by the world health organization in its attempt to warn Americans and the entire world about the effects

Basic Principles of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic Principles of Accounting - Essay Example The convention states that items recorded in financial statements should be recorded at the original cost for which it would be bought. Stating furniture at the present cost will be misleading and the account will not conform to legal standards. 3. Depreciation is an attempt to measure the worth of a fixed asset that was used in the period under review. It therefore divides the useful life of a given fixed asset into a number of years. Each year, there is an estimate of the worth of the asset that was used in the production process. This way, accountants can get close to getting the true picture of how much was spent in a given year. Accumulated depreciation represents the worth of the asset deducted in the previous years that the asset was used in production. 4. The payment of $20,000 in June 2008 is cannot be put in the income statement of 2007/2008. This is because that insurance payment added no value to production in the 2007/08 year. However, that payment gives your company the right to future benefits. In other words, it is an asset and it must be accounted for in the Balance Sheet as an Accrual. 5. Gross profit represents sales less cost of sales or direct cots. Net profit is gross profit less other production costs like overheads, indirect costs, as well as taxation. Net profit is important as it gives the whole view of trading activities in the company over a period of time. Gross profit just gives a shallow indication of events in the organization. 1. Direct cost is a cost directly attributable to a project or activity in a business. Indirect costs are activities that cannot be directly attributed to a single activity or process in the business. Manufacturing overheads is an indirect cost because it relates to the factory’s cost that cannot be identified with a single product or activity. Examples include electricity and depreciation costs. 2. Work in progress refers to costs of unfinished raw materials that are

How effective is the strategy of nuclear deterrence Essay

How effective is the strategy of nuclear deterrence - Essay Example The use of weapons of mass destruction may not be a realistic option to solve issues because it goes against the principle of life (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Some countries use nuclear deterrence to impose sanctions on their enemies and prevent them from using their nuclear weapons. This is because they inflict fear on their adversaries such that if the adversary used their nuclear weapons in an unacceptable way, the threatening state will react by using it supposedly superior, nuclear weapons against the adversary, and the damage will be devastating for both countries. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is an attempt to create risks that may make the opponent not to engage in a certain policy or action (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). This essay discusses the merits and demerits of the strategy of nuclear deterrence to evaluate its efficacy. As mentioned earlier, nuclear deterrence is the act that involves the prevention of using nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundat ion, 2013). This means that the threatening nation prevents its adversary from using Nuclear weapons against it or its allies, lest the threatening nation will attack its adversary, using nuclear weapons. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is the threat to strike back with nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). ... A threatening nation must be capable and willing to use its nuclear weapon, as well as, effectively communicate this to the nation that is to be deterred to ensure the success of nuclear deterrence (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). This means that a deterrent force inflicts unacceptable damage on the nation to be deterred. Secondly, the threatening nation must have the ability to exact payments by disallowing the opponent to accomplish its objectives of using nuclear weapons or by charging the opponent a disproportionate price for achieving the objectives to use nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Alternatively, the threatening nation can combine the two aforementioned strategies. Further, the threatening nation must ensure that the safety of its nuclear arsenal is guaranteed. Additionally, the opponent must not access a way or method of eliminating the deterring capability of the threatening nation. Therefore, the threatening nation must ensure that technical a nd policy means do not allow the opponent to access a way or method of eliminating the deterring capability of the threatening nation (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Finally, the threatening nation should ensure that it is always ready to demonstrate to its adversary that it can deliver on its message. Therefore, the threatening nation must show that it is willing to engage in a nuclear war that it tries to deter or prevent, if circumstances dictate so (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Having known the preconditions that should be met to ensure the success of nuclear deterrence, it is worthy to analyse the benefits that may accrue from nuclear deterrence, when it is carried out successfully. First, it has been argued by Waltz (1994, p,

Example Answers to Questions on Consumer Behaviour

Example Answers to Questions on Consumer Behaviour -PURCHASE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS- Problem Recognition: The problem recognition is where psychological needs are involved; the intensity or awareness of the problem may vary as the individual realize that the actual state of mind or feeling is not a wanted one, as a consequence, the individual take action to change it by acquisition of a product or service. Information Search: This is the stage when the awareness of the problem is accepted and the self-realization of what kind of purchase could solve the difficulty. Where and how it can be acquired? What information is on reach? At this stage, consumers will search information that will allow them to make a decision. Information Evaluation: The evaluation of the information will be evaluated based on a certain criteria; the consumer will find means to differentiate between them. They may target shops, brands, pricing, promotion or even physical aspect like packaging. Decision: The next step after evaluation is the decision, which may be a natural result of the product assessment. The consumer may have to prioritise the assessment or choice of product/service/solution even further by choosing if the convenience or price is the most significant factor, or one may predominate on the other. Post-Purchase Evaluation: The majority of cases consumers are likely to be some level of after-acquisition analysis in order to reassure them whether the product/service fulfilled previous expectation. -BUYING SITUATIONS- Routine Problem Solving: This is when items that fall into the routine problem solving category in order not to risk by changing to new competitor products. The consumer is satisfied with the same brand and the benefit of changing may just bring an unnecessary effort of information, evaluation and decision. This generally happens with cheap or low-cost products. Limited Problem Solving: Involves more attention and decision -making those routine acquisitions. Goods tend to have an elevate value and last longer. It is more likely to occur when acquiring services. The consumer has the need to acquire the product right from the first time and will like not to risk by trying. Extended problem Solving: The extended problem solving is similar to the limited one but it compromises a more serious purchase, meaning that it is even more severe that the limited one. Goods have a much more value, consequently, a even higher risk for the buyer. It will be motivated to know as much as possible about the product and the decision will be based on coherent, practical and cognisant grounds. -BUYER BEHAVIOUR THEORIES- The buyer behaviour processes and acts on individuals involved in buying and using products or services. The formulation of the marketing strategies that will succeed in implementation depends on the understanding of how people behave when buy and how does the environment is composed. The decision environment are the influences that make people to take a decision, for instance family traditions, reference groups that enhance associate or disassociate behaviours. The consumer buying process consists of 5 steps: Need recognition: This is when an individual recognise the need for the acquisition of a product, in the scenario of the hair care company, the buyer acknowledge the need for the product by different factors as internal or external stimuli, social esteem, etc. Information search: this is when the recognition process is complete; the fallowing step is where to acquire the product (memory, family, advertising, internet) Alternative evaluation: As it is rare to find exactly what people look for there is always an evaluation for alternatives (rational or irrational). Purchase decision and associated risk: It is important that the purchase of a good do not involved a high risk in regard of performance, financial, physical, social and egocentrically. Post purchase evaluation: The final stage of the consumer buying process with the overall performance in contrast to the expectation prior the acquisition. The key factors that influence marketing activities in buying satiations are the cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. -FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR- Cultural: Language, religion, education, values and attitudes, etc. Social: Primary groups, secondary groups, inspirational groups and dissociative groups. Personal: as age, occupation, economic class, life style. Psychological: Motivation and the greatness of the need. All this information is used to develop a clear picture and valid associations of how people take the decision to acquire a product, along with specifications of a valid target process, which will then be applied by the organization. Types of Buying Behaviour: Level of involvement is an individuals intensity of interest in a product and the importance he or she places on a product. Consumers go through a problem-solving process. The 4 types of Problem-Solving are: Routine Response: buying that requires very little search and decision effort; it is used for products that are low priced and bought frequently. Examples include soft drinks, snack foods, milk, etc. Limited Decision: Buyers use when they purchase products occasionally or need information about unfamiliar brands in a familiar product category; it requires a moderate amount of time for information gathering and deliberation. Examples include Clothes, know product class but not the brand. Extensive Decision: employed when unfamiliar, expensive, or infrequently bought products (such as homes, automobiles and furniture) are purchased; buyers used many criteria to evaluate brands and spend more time searching for information and deciding on the purchase. Impulse Buying: unplanned buying behavior involving powerful urge to buying something immediately. A lot of impulse decisions are made at the checkout area and can be on items such as candy, sodas, batteries, film, etc. Situational influences in the buying decision process: Situational Influences: Elements that influence the buyer to change his mind. Situational Processes: Physical surroundings Social surroundings Time perspective Research purchase Momentary mood and conditions Psychological Influence in the buying decision process: Psychological Influences (factors that determine behaviour) Selective Exposure: Select one important factor while ignoring another (go to Libya because is cheap and worm ignoring hostile environment) Selective Distortion: Twisting information with personal feelings or beliefs (pay  £700 when just can afford  £550) Selective Retention: Thrusting beliefs and feelings in regard of a product/service that actually are where never associated. Perceptual organization: This is based on organizing and integrating new information with what is already stored in the consumers memory. (Marketing Æ’Â ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Consumer Focus Æ’Â ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Product made for the consumer needs) (Sales Æ’Â ¨ Product Focus Æ’Â ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Consumer buy a product that may do not suit the consumer) Interpretation: The interpretation of the consumer on an untried product/service (how the consumer see it). Main reasons why a marketer fails while delivering a message to the consumer are: Consumers block out sellers info. Consumers interpret sellers information differently than intended. Consumer discomfort info the conflicts with cultural issues. -EXTERNAL INTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE BUYER BEHAVIOUR PROCESS- Environmental influences: The decision making process is always connected to the environment in which the product and the buyer are. These influences are the fallowing ones. Sociocultural influences: Influences from current trends as a whole and the various social groups they belong in order to enhance status. Technological Influences: It affects many aspects of the decision-making by product development and innovation. Economic and competitive influences: Price, value for money and conscious assessment of the need to acquire are prevalent influences. Political and legal influences: Legislations, regulations, consumer rights and advertising also effect the overall decision-making process. Psychological influences (The individual): The psychological influences are these aspects that affects an individual perception while executing a conscious or subconscious decision-making process. Personality: Very extensive area of study consist on features, behaviours and experiences of the consumers. Perception: It indicates the way in which people interpret, analyse and make sense of present and upcoming situation while being affected by personality, experience and mood. Learning: The process by consumers of understanding and retaining info from a product. Motivation: Is based on Maslows hierarchy of needs (Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem, Self-actualisation). Attitudes: Is a perspective that an individual takes on a certain subject (Cognitive, Affective, Conative). Sociocultural Influences (The Group): Social groups will inevitably affect purchasing decision were the individual are member of, as individuals are influenced by social and cultural factor from their location of provenience. Social class: Is a form of social grouping for identification of masses. Culture and Subculture: It refers to the personality of the society where consumers live in (Art, Language, Literature, Music and Products which are consumed by society). Reference Groups: these are groups where an individual belongs or aspire to belong (professional bodies, social societies, lifestyle groups) Family: It is the key influence of the buyer behaviour of the individuals. -RELATION BETWEEN BRAND LOYALTY, CORPORATE IMAGE AND REPEAT PURCHASE Brand loyalty this happens when a consumer is predisposed to acquire the same brand of goods/services constantly over a certain period of time instead of varying among manufacturers of the same product/service. Perhaps brand loyalty can be measured by the consistence or volume of acquisitions of the same brand within the same category. Corporate image is a conceptual mental image developed by corporate advertising techniques to highlight their image so it can boost desirability to consumers, suppliers, employers and stakeholders. Companies develop a corporate image in order to enhance psychological perception, reputation and corporate culture. A positive corporate image can augment consumer adoption and develop further brand loyalty. Repeat purchase is the action made by buyers while repurchasing a previously purchased product. Repeat purchase is a pattern used in order to calculate the consistency of loyalty to a brand. The relationship between these three factors is enormous as they aimed the same result. The difference is that all make part of the same scope but in different stages. For instance when a company invest on the development of a positive corporate image, consumers will then mature a positive psychological perception over a period of time (depending the intensity and technique used). These perceptions will impulse consumers to try, and consequently, to adopt the product as preferable acquisition among all other similar brand products. When consumers make a repeat purchase of the same brand, the company is then able to assume a certain degree of brand loyalty.

Symbolism of Mount Rushmore Essay -- Politics

The View from Mount Rushmore Amidst the Black Hills of South Dakota, the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln watch over the nation. George Washington, often called the father of the nation, was a leader in the American Revolutionary War to win independence from Great Britain and later became the first president of the United States. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and added territory that doubled the size of the nation through the Louisiana Purchase. Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated strength, sought to improve the country through the Progressive movement, and constructed the Panama Canal (Nsp.gov). Abraham Lincoln sought to keep the country united during the Civil War and ensured freedom to African American slaves. The memory of these great leaders of the United States of America is forever carved into stone. Tourists who visit the monument each year are reminded of the ideals of freedom and democracy that these four presidents fought for a nd instilled in this country. Gerard Baker, the superintendent of Mount Rushmore spoke about the significance of the monument saying, â€Å"Mount Rushmore is a memorial that symbolizes America, and Americans should never lose sight of their cultural beginnings† (Nsp.gov). These men represent the freedom that this nation was founded on and yet, the image of this monument is often used to criticize the current situations of the country. Mount Rushmore has become more than a static symbol of freedom; it has transcended the past and has been utilized to create new and deeper meaning in a myriad of issues. Michael McGee defined ideographs as â€Å"culturally-grounded, summarizing, and authoritative terms that enact their meaning by ... ...oon/d8aab341-fbce-44cd-83e2-0ef20c01a75f.html>. NPS.gov. 2007. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 29 Oct. 2007 . PBS.org. 2007. Public Broadcasting Station. 2 Dec. 2007 . Pismestrovic, Petar. â€Å"Dreamland.† Cartoon. PoliticalCartoons.com. 2007. Daryl Cagle's Professional Cartoonists Index. 29 Oct. 2007 . Dr. Seuss. â€Å"Liberators of America.† Cartoon. Introduction to Political Cartoons. 2007. 29 Oct. 2007 . Williams, Mike. â€Å"Back of Mount Rushmore.† Cartoon. Cartoonstock.com. 2007. Cartoonstock. 29 Oct. 2007 .

Ethnicity and the Police Essay

Relationships between the police and minority communities have come a long way, and still continue to evolve as public awareness grows. Although there are still misconceptions about community policing, it is a fact that improvements have been made because of the new and continuously emerging programs, and partnerships that have been created between the police and private citizens. Among these improvements are lower crime rates, higher crime reporting rates, and improved public perception of police effectiveness. The 1960’s were a symbol of inequality within the justice system. The actions of police officers were causing race riots all over the United States. Because of this President Lyndon B Johnson appointed Illinois Governor Otto Kerner to chair the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, otherwise known as the Kerner Commission. It was this commission that brought to light the reasons behind the riots and initiated the change. The commission stated that â€Å"our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal.† and criticized law enforcement for the underrepresentation of blacks on police forces, brutality and abuse of power, and racial bias in the use of deadly force (â€Å"Policing The Social Crises Of The 1960s†, 2013). The police agencies responded to this by starting affirmative action programs to recruit and promote more blacks and women, formulating written policies for the use of deadly force to reduce racial disparities in police shootings, and of course they started police†community relations programs to improve communication between the police and racial minority citizens (â€Å"Policing The Social Crises Of The 1960s†, 2013). This is what paved the way to the attitudes of experts in policing in the 1970’s who began to acknowledge the necessity of both police and the community in their roles as co-producers of community safety. This is a partnership that has been proven to solve  problems before they become more serious (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Many practices and programs constitute community policing. Some activities are carried out only for the sole purpose of improving the image of police departments (1974). For example: Attendin g meetings of church groups, and other local organizations, and TV or radio ads asking for citizen cooperation (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Some activities are of an internal nature within police departments and include: Community relations training, the establishment of specialized positions within a department that are responsible for community relations, and specialized programs used to recruit officers from minority groups (1974). Other activities include police work in the field that makes them appear more visible and personable, such as foot patrols (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Community policing is diverse and varies from department to department (1974). The Detroit police department, for example, has a program known as the Citizens radio patrol. The patrols were established to help serve as extended eyes and ears for the police department. The department offers classes to those who are interested in making a difference on community watch techniques. The role of the patrollers is to watch over their neighborhoods and report any suspicious activity to a patrol base operator, who in turn contacts the local police precinct or district. Patrols consist of a number of volunteers who commit a small amount of their time each week to serve as a base operator, a driver or an observer with the driver (â€Å"Thank God for the Shelter†, 2011). The Detroit police department also offers programs for youth that are interested in learning how to be good citizens and community leaders. These programs focus on those who have the potential and may be interested in becoming police officers someday. Other programs that assist under-privileged kids get involved in basketball, football, softball, soccer, bowling, golfing, track and field, swimming, martial arts, tennis, and cross country skiing are also available (â€Å"Thank God For The Shelter†, 2011). Even though there are a wide range of different practices among police agencies the one common goal is to achieve better relationships with specific segments of the community (1974). For example, in 1992 a federal grant was awarded to the housing authority and the Fort Lauderdale police department. $250,000 was used to pay off-duty officers to  work special details in the city`s public housing projects. The money is also being used for other programs to help foster better po lice-community relations. Since the new program began, residents have been getting to know the officers in their neighborhood and tipping them on crimes (Corbett, 1992). So far we have given examples of community policing that have made improvements for minority groups by way of lower neighborhood crime rates, higher crime reporting rates, and a more positive public perception, but what about the perception of the police by foreign born citizens? Unfortunately there has been a lesser impact of community policing efforts observed by communities with a large number of recent immigrants. In A study, known as the Houston community policing experiment, Latinos scored lower measures of awareness, participation, and effectiveness of community policing than blacks (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). It is likely that language barriers, lack of understanding of the new culture around them, and a strong mistrust of the police that has been brought with them from their homeland hinders even the strongest efforts from being effective. Foreign born citizens are not the only people that harbor misconceptions about community policing. The public as a whole is still comprised of a large number of citizens with doubts. One of the most dominant misconceptions about police community relations is that is restricted only for efforts that regard minority groups. Although it was this that started the ball rolling, nothing could be further from the truth. Police agencies have a vested interest in creating and maintaining good relationships with the entire community no matter the ethnicity. Another misconception is that these practices are done strictly to receive positive reviews from the citizen review board. In most cases these programs are developed by the department themselves and are not subject to review of any kind (Kreps & Weller, 1973). Police community relations programs have not only improved the attitude of minority groups, and the entire public as a whole towards the police, but have also created a positive impact on communities by lowering the crime rate. Strategies used for community policing are as diverse as the population of the United States itself, but they all share the common goal of promoting strong relationships with those who in the past were underrepresented and abused. These programs continue to ensure an understanding between the justice system and the public, and  are necessary for harmony between the two. References (1974, May 5). Police community relations. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/388977280?accountid=458 Corbett, M. (1992, February 24). Police boost community relations. Sacramento Observer. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/388977280?accountid=458 Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/criminal-justice/development-of-the-american-police/policing-the-social-crises-of-the-1960s Thank God for the shelter. (2011). Retrieved from http://thankgodfortheshelter.com/2011/06/08/detroit-police-deparatment-%E2%80%93-police-community-services/ The Police-Community Relations Movement: Conciliatory Responses, Kreps, Gary A; Weller, Jack M The American Behavioral Scientist (pre-1986); Jan/Feb 1973; 16, 3; ProQuest Central pg. 402 The United States department of justice. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/

Persuasive speech: People should support organic food production Essay

Ladies and Gentlemen, Have you ever thought about the food you eat? Of course you have, we all do. We think about the taste, the ingredients and the health benefits, but we don’t question where the food comes from and we barely think about all the chemicals and toxins added to it, because most foods that we are surrounded with are all the same, most food companies that we enjoy are not organically produced, but are just easier to obtain. We see organic food so rarely and are encouraged so rarely by it that we don’t even think of it as a priority, we just think of it as an expensive rare market. I believe that people all around the world should support organic food production. In 1983 genetically modified food was introduced to the world, and by 1996 it was found on super-market shelves worldwide. It was a huge commercial explosion. Genetically modified food is produced from plants and animals that scientists have been able to modify by changing the gene structure, which can alter foods characteristics. One of the first examples of genetically modified foods is the FlavrSavr tomato; as you know when a tomato ripens, it reddens becomes soft, and naturally rots. Scientists then chemically were able to change the gene that causes this, meaning the tomato can ripen for longer, redden for longer, and rot slower than it naturally would. One of the main reasons why we should support organic food growth productions is for the better benefits for our bodies and health. As farmers plant seeds, they slowly inject the growing food with numerous amounts of toxins to make it genetically modified/ non-organic. The worst additions would be the pesticide toxins and irradiation. Pesticides are horrible toxins used on growing plants like tomatoes and oranges, which cause health risks. The Environmental Health News found a new case study showing that â€Å"prenatal exposure to pesticides, can decrease a child’s IQ and are proven to be more harmful to boys than girls as their developing brains are much more vulnerable.† Close to the end of the process when all the toxins have been added to create a sure non-organic product, irradiation is accustomed for non-organic products as it’s meant to kill the harmful bacteria and microorganisms in the plant, however naturalbias.com states â€Å"The purpose of  irradiation is to kill pathogens, but the ironic part is that it doesn’t kill all pathogens and certainly destroys most of the food’s good qualities. Irradiation also changes the chemical structure of the molecules within the food and can transform them into mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that promote cancer.† All of this combined creates an awful product that I’m sure no one wants to consume. Laura Fillmore, from Gardnerville, Nevada, states in the NY Times â€Å"organic production is better for the land. Not probably better, but definitely better.† You probably don’t think about this much, because as teenagers we eat a lot of unhealthy products and although we are aware of some consequences and possibilities, we don’t seem to be very concerned about where the food comes from. Nevertheless we are concerned for the future of our planet, we want to help, we do the little things that make a difference; we recycle, we turn off the lights, we care about our future and our planet. But did you know that eating organic food can actually benefit the earth just as much? The chemicals added to the non-organic plants, suck all the nutrients out of the soil, damaging it, until it can start to restore, which can take over a hundred years. The land becomes useless, that’s why the US government is already looking for foreign land, which they could use for their farming. Due to these plantation techniques soil erosion occurs, it forms large amounts of dust in the air and when mixed with wind creates air pollution, which is v ery environmentally unfriendly, that’s why organic food is a better choice for farmers and for us to support. It’s an easy way we can help save our planet and our health. Organic food does tend to be more expensive, but if people can support organic food and demand its production, maybe we can create a better world for the next generation of people, it’s hard but it’s a goal that’s worth striving and completing! If we want to help our planet, our countries, and our selves we need think carefully about what we’re eating. We need to support organic food production we need to choose the best there is; which means the simplest. Israel, Brett, Environmental Health Sciences. â€Å"Environmental health news: Widely used pesticide seems to harm boys brains more than girls, 2012.† Accessed 18th September, 2012. http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/boys-and-chlorpyrifos Miller, Vin, Rage Wellness. â€Å"Natural bias: 7 major reasons to go organic, 2009.† Accessed 18th September, 2012. http://naturalbias.com/7-major-reasons-to-go-organic/ Savvy Vegetarians Inc. â€Å"What Is Organic Food and why we Should Eat It?† Accessed 19th September, 2012. http://www.savvyvegetarian.com/articles/what-is-organic-food.php