Basic Principles of Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Basic Principles of Accounting - Essay Example The convention states that items recorded in financial statements should be recorded at the original cost for which it would be bought. Stating furniture at the present cost will be misleading and the account will not conform to legal standards. 3. Depreciation is an attempt to measure the worth of a fixed asset that was used in the period under review. It therefore divides the useful life of a given fixed asset into a number of years. Each year, there is an estimate of the worth of the asset that was used in the production process. This way, accountants can get close to getting the true picture of how much was spent in a given year. Accumulated depreciation represents the worth of the asset deducted in the previous years that the asset was used in production. 4. The payment of $20,000 in June 2008 is cannot be put in the income statement of 2007/2008. This is because that insurance payment added no value to production in the 2007/08 year. However, that payment gives your company the right to future benefits. In other words, it is an asset and it must be accounted for in the Balance Sheet as an Accrual. 5. Gross profit represents sales less cost of sales or direct cots. Net profit is gross profit less other production costs like overheads, indirect costs, as well as taxation. Net profit is important as it gives the whole view of trading activities in the company over a period of time. Gross profit just gives a shallow indication of events in the organization. 1. Direct cost is a cost directly attributable to a project or activity in a business. Indirect costs are activities that cannot be directly attributed to a single activity or process in the business. Manufacturing overheads is an indirect cost because it relates to the factory’s cost that cannot be identified with a single product or activity. Examples include electricity and depreciation costs. 2. Work in progress refers to costs of unfinished raw materials that are

How effective is the strategy of nuclear deterrence Essay

How effective is the strategy of nuclear deterrence - Essay Example The use of weapons of mass destruction may not be a realistic option to solve issues because it goes against the principle of life (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Some countries use nuclear deterrence to impose sanctions on their enemies and prevent them from using their nuclear weapons. This is because they inflict fear on their adversaries such that if the adversary used their nuclear weapons in an unacceptable way, the threatening state will react by using it supposedly superior, nuclear weapons against the adversary, and the damage will be devastating for both countries. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is an attempt to create risks that may make the opponent not to engage in a certain policy or action (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). This essay discusses the merits and demerits of the strategy of nuclear deterrence to evaluate its efficacy. As mentioned earlier, nuclear deterrence is the act that involves the prevention of using nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundat ion, 2013). This means that the threatening nation prevents its adversary from using Nuclear weapons against it or its allies, lest the threatening nation will attack its adversary, using nuclear weapons. Therefore, nuclear deterrence is the threat to strike back with nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). ... A threatening nation must be capable and willing to use its nuclear weapon, as well as, effectively communicate this to the nation that is to be deterred to ensure the success of nuclear deterrence (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). This means that a deterrent force inflicts unacceptable damage on the nation to be deterred. Secondly, the threatening nation must have the ability to exact payments by disallowing the opponent to accomplish its objectives of using nuclear weapons or by charging the opponent a disproportionate price for achieving the objectives to use nuclear weapons (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Alternatively, the threatening nation can combine the two aforementioned strategies. Further, the threatening nation must ensure that the safety of its nuclear arsenal is guaranteed. Additionally, the opponent must not access a way or method of eliminating the deterring capability of the threatening nation. Therefore, the threatening nation must ensure that technical a nd policy means do not allow the opponent to access a way or method of eliminating the deterring capability of the threatening nation (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Finally, the threatening nation should ensure that it is always ready to demonstrate to its adversary that it can deliver on its message. Therefore, the threatening nation must show that it is willing to engage in a nuclear war that it tries to deter or prevent, if circumstances dictate so (Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, 2013). Having known the preconditions that should be met to ensure the success of nuclear deterrence, it is worthy to analyse the benefits that may accrue from nuclear deterrence, when it is carried out successfully. First, it has been argued by Waltz (1994, p,

Example Answers to Questions on Consumer Behaviour

Example Answers to Questions on Consumer Behaviour -PURCHASE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS- Problem Recognition: The problem recognition is where psychological needs are involved; the intensity or awareness of the problem may vary as the individual realize that the actual state of mind or feeling is not a wanted one, as a consequence, the individual take action to change it by acquisition of a product or service. Information Search: This is the stage when the awareness of the problem is accepted and the self-realization of what kind of purchase could solve the difficulty. Where and how it can be acquired? What information is on reach? At this stage, consumers will search information that will allow them to make a decision. Information Evaluation: The evaluation of the information will be evaluated based on a certain criteria; the consumer will find means to differentiate between them. They may target shops, brands, pricing, promotion or even physical aspect like packaging. Decision: The next step after evaluation is the decision, which may be a natural result of the product assessment. The consumer may have to prioritise the assessment or choice of product/service/solution even further by choosing if the convenience or price is the most significant factor, or one may predominate on the other. Post-Purchase Evaluation: The majority of cases consumers are likely to be some level of after-acquisition analysis in order to reassure them whether the product/service fulfilled previous expectation. -BUYING SITUATIONS- Routine Problem Solving: This is when items that fall into the routine problem solving category in order not to risk by changing to new competitor products. The consumer is satisfied with the same brand and the benefit of changing may just bring an unnecessary effort of information, evaluation and decision. This generally happens with cheap or low-cost products. Limited Problem Solving: Involves more attention and decision -making those routine acquisitions. Goods tend to have an elevate value and last longer. It is more likely to occur when acquiring services. The consumer has the need to acquire the product right from the first time and will like not to risk by trying. Extended problem Solving: The extended problem solving is similar to the limited one but it compromises a more serious purchase, meaning that it is even more severe that the limited one. Goods have a much more value, consequently, a even higher risk for the buyer. It will be motivated to know as much as possible about the product and the decision will be based on coherent, practical and cognisant grounds. -BUYER BEHAVIOUR THEORIES- The buyer behaviour processes and acts on individuals involved in buying and using products or services. The formulation of the marketing strategies that will succeed in implementation depends on the understanding of how people behave when buy and how does the environment is composed. The decision environment are the influences that make people to take a decision, for instance family traditions, reference groups that enhance associate or disassociate behaviours. The consumer buying process consists of 5 steps: Need recognition: This is when an individual recognise the need for the acquisition of a product, in the scenario of the hair care company, the buyer acknowledge the need for the product by different factors as internal or external stimuli, social esteem, etc. Information search: this is when the recognition process is complete; the fallowing step is where to acquire the product (memory, family, advertising, internet) Alternative evaluation: As it is rare to find exactly what people look for there is always an evaluation for alternatives (rational or irrational). Purchase decision and associated risk: It is important that the purchase of a good do not involved a high risk in regard of performance, financial, physical, social and egocentrically. Post purchase evaluation: The final stage of the consumer buying process with the overall performance in contrast to the expectation prior the acquisition. The key factors that influence marketing activities in buying satiations are the cultural, social, personal and psychological factors. -FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR- Cultural: Language, religion, education, values and attitudes, etc. Social: Primary groups, secondary groups, inspirational groups and dissociative groups. Personal: as age, occupation, economic class, life style. Psychological: Motivation and the greatness of the need. All this information is used to develop a clear picture and valid associations of how people take the decision to acquire a product, along with specifications of a valid target process, which will then be applied by the organization. Types of Buying Behaviour: Level of involvement is an individuals intensity of interest in a product and the importance he or she places on a product. Consumers go through a problem-solving process. The 4 types of Problem-Solving are: Routine Response: buying that requires very little search and decision effort; it is used for products that are low priced and bought frequently. Examples include soft drinks, snack foods, milk, etc. Limited Decision: Buyers use when they purchase products occasionally or need information about unfamiliar brands in a familiar product category; it requires a moderate amount of time for information gathering and deliberation. Examples include Clothes, know product class but not the brand. Extensive Decision: employed when unfamiliar, expensive, or infrequently bought products (such as homes, automobiles and furniture) are purchased; buyers used many criteria to evaluate brands and spend more time searching for information and deciding on the purchase. Impulse Buying: unplanned buying behavior involving powerful urge to buying something immediately. A lot of impulse decisions are made at the checkout area and can be on items such as candy, sodas, batteries, film, etc. Situational influences in the buying decision process: Situational Influences: Elements that influence the buyer to change his mind. Situational Processes: Physical surroundings Social surroundings Time perspective Research purchase Momentary mood and conditions Psychological Influence in the buying decision process: Psychological Influences (factors that determine behaviour) Selective Exposure: Select one important factor while ignoring another (go to Libya because is cheap and worm ignoring hostile environment) Selective Distortion: Twisting information with personal feelings or beliefs (pay  £700 when just can afford  £550) Selective Retention: Thrusting beliefs and feelings in regard of a product/service that actually are where never associated. Perceptual organization: This is based on organizing and integrating new information with what is already stored in the consumers memory. (Marketing Æ’Â ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Consumer Focus Æ’Â ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Product made for the consumer needs) (Sales Æ’Â ¨ Product Focus Æ’Â ¨Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Consumer buy a product that may do not suit the consumer) Interpretation: The interpretation of the consumer on an untried product/service (how the consumer see it). Main reasons why a marketer fails while delivering a message to the consumer are: Consumers block out sellers info. Consumers interpret sellers information differently than intended. Consumer discomfort info the conflicts with cultural issues. -EXTERNAL INTERNAL FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE BUYER BEHAVIOUR PROCESS- Environmental influences: The decision making process is always connected to the environment in which the product and the buyer are. These influences are the fallowing ones. Sociocultural influences: Influences from current trends as a whole and the various social groups they belong in order to enhance status. Technological Influences: It affects many aspects of the decision-making by product development and innovation. Economic and competitive influences: Price, value for money and conscious assessment of the need to acquire are prevalent influences. Political and legal influences: Legislations, regulations, consumer rights and advertising also effect the overall decision-making process. Psychological influences (The individual): The psychological influences are these aspects that affects an individual perception while executing a conscious or subconscious decision-making process. Personality: Very extensive area of study consist on features, behaviours and experiences of the consumers. Perception: It indicates the way in which people interpret, analyse and make sense of present and upcoming situation while being affected by personality, experience and mood. Learning: The process by consumers of understanding and retaining info from a product. Motivation: Is based on Maslows hierarchy of needs (Physiological, Safety, Love, Esteem, Self-actualisation). Attitudes: Is a perspective that an individual takes on a certain subject (Cognitive, Affective, Conative). Sociocultural Influences (The Group): Social groups will inevitably affect purchasing decision were the individual are member of, as individuals are influenced by social and cultural factor from their location of provenience. Social class: Is a form of social grouping for identification of masses. Culture and Subculture: It refers to the personality of the society where consumers live in (Art, Language, Literature, Music and Products which are consumed by society). Reference Groups: these are groups where an individual belongs or aspire to belong (professional bodies, social societies, lifestyle groups) Family: It is the key influence of the buyer behaviour of the individuals. -RELATION BETWEEN BRAND LOYALTY, CORPORATE IMAGE AND REPEAT PURCHASE Brand loyalty this happens when a consumer is predisposed to acquire the same brand of goods/services constantly over a certain period of time instead of varying among manufacturers of the same product/service. Perhaps brand loyalty can be measured by the consistence or volume of acquisitions of the same brand within the same category. Corporate image is a conceptual mental image developed by corporate advertising techniques to highlight their image so it can boost desirability to consumers, suppliers, employers and stakeholders. Companies develop a corporate image in order to enhance psychological perception, reputation and corporate culture. A positive corporate image can augment consumer adoption and develop further brand loyalty. Repeat purchase is the action made by buyers while repurchasing a previously purchased product. Repeat purchase is a pattern used in order to calculate the consistency of loyalty to a brand. The relationship between these three factors is enormous as they aimed the same result. The difference is that all make part of the same scope but in different stages. For instance when a company invest on the development of a positive corporate image, consumers will then mature a positive psychological perception over a period of time (depending the intensity and technique used). These perceptions will impulse consumers to try, and consequently, to adopt the product as preferable acquisition among all other similar brand products. When consumers make a repeat purchase of the same brand, the company is then able to assume a certain degree of brand loyalty.

Symbolism of Mount Rushmore Essay -- Politics

The View from Mount Rushmore Amidst the Black Hills of South Dakota, the faces of George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodore Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln watch over the nation. George Washington, often called the father of the nation, was a leader in the American Revolutionary War to win independence from Great Britain and later became the first president of the United States. Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence and added territory that doubled the size of the nation through the Louisiana Purchase. Theodore Roosevelt demonstrated strength, sought to improve the country through the Progressive movement, and constructed the Panama Canal (Nsp.gov). Abraham Lincoln sought to keep the country united during the Civil War and ensured freedom to African American slaves. The memory of these great leaders of the United States of America is forever carved into stone. Tourists who visit the monument each year are reminded of the ideals of freedom and democracy that these four presidents fought for a nd instilled in this country. Gerard Baker, the superintendent of Mount Rushmore spoke about the significance of the monument saying, â€Å"Mount Rushmore is a memorial that symbolizes America, and Americans should never lose sight of their cultural beginnings† (Nsp.gov). These men represent the freedom that this nation was founded on and yet, the image of this monument is often used to criticize the current situations of the country. Mount Rushmore has become more than a static symbol of freedom; it has transcended the past and has been utilized to create new and deeper meaning in a myriad of issues. Michael McGee defined ideographs as â€Å"culturally-grounded, summarizing, and authoritative terms that enact their meaning by ... ...oon/d8aab341-fbce-44cd-83e2-0ef20c01a75f.html>. NPS.gov. 2007. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 29 Oct. 2007 . PBS.org. 2007. Public Broadcasting Station. 2 Dec. 2007 . Pismestrovic, Petar. â€Å"Dreamland.† Cartoon. PoliticalCartoons.com. 2007. Daryl Cagle's Professional Cartoonists Index. 29 Oct. 2007 . Dr. Seuss. â€Å"Liberators of America.† Cartoon. Introduction to Political Cartoons. 2007. 29 Oct. 2007 . Williams, Mike. â€Å"Back of Mount Rushmore.† Cartoon. Cartoonstock.com. 2007. Cartoonstock. 29 Oct. 2007 .

Ethnicity and the Police Essay

Relationships between the police and minority communities have come a long way, and still continue to evolve as public awareness grows. Although there are still misconceptions about community policing, it is a fact that improvements have been made because of the new and continuously emerging programs, and partnerships that have been created between the police and private citizens. Among these improvements are lower crime rates, higher crime reporting rates, and improved public perception of police effectiveness. The 1960’s were a symbol of inequality within the justice system. The actions of police officers were causing race riots all over the United States. Because of this President Lyndon B Johnson appointed Illinois Governor Otto Kerner to chair the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, otherwise known as the Kerner Commission. It was this commission that brought to light the reasons behind the riots and initiated the change. The commission stated that â€Å"our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white—separate and unequal.† and criticized law enforcement for the underrepresentation of blacks on police forces, brutality and abuse of power, and racial bias in the use of deadly force (â€Å"Policing The Social Crises Of The 1960s†, 2013). The police agencies responded to this by starting affirmative action programs to recruit and promote more blacks and women, formulating written policies for the use of deadly force to reduce racial disparities in police shootings, and of course they started police†community relations programs to improve communication between the police and racial minority citizens (â€Å"Policing The Social Crises Of The 1960s†, 2013). This is what paved the way to the attitudes of experts in policing in the 1970’s who began to acknowledge the necessity of both police and the community in their roles as co-producers of community safety. This is a partnership that has been proven to solve  problems before they become more serious (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Many practices and programs constitute community policing. Some activities are carried out only for the sole purpose of improving the image of police departments (1974). For example: Attendin g meetings of church groups, and other local organizations, and TV or radio ads asking for citizen cooperation (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Some activities are of an internal nature within police departments and include: Community relations training, the establishment of specialized positions within a department that are responsible for community relations, and specialized programs used to recruit officers from minority groups (1974). Other activities include police work in the field that makes them appear more visible and personable, such as foot patrols (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). Community policing is diverse and varies from department to department (1974). The Detroit police department, for example, has a program known as the Citizens radio patrol. The patrols were established to help serve as extended eyes and ears for the police department. The department offers classes to those who are interested in making a difference on community watch techniques. The role of the patrollers is to watch over their neighborhoods and report any suspicious activity to a patrol base operator, who in turn contacts the local police precinct or district. Patrols consist of a number of volunteers who commit a small amount of their time each week to serve as a base operator, a driver or an observer with the driver (â€Å"Thank God for the Shelter†, 2011). The Detroit police department also offers programs for youth that are interested in learning how to be good citizens and community leaders. These programs focus on those who have the potential and may be interested in becoming police officers someday. Other programs that assist under-privileged kids get involved in basketball, football, softball, soccer, bowling, golfing, track and field, swimming, martial arts, tennis, and cross country skiing are also available (â€Å"Thank God For The Shelter†, 2011). Even though there are a wide range of different practices among police agencies the one common goal is to achieve better relationships with specific segments of the community (1974). For example, in 1992 a federal grant was awarded to the housing authority and the Fort Lauderdale police department. $250,000 was used to pay off-duty officers to  work special details in the city`s public housing projects. The money is also being used for other programs to help foster better po lice-community relations. Since the new program began, residents have been getting to know the officers in their neighborhood and tipping them on crimes (Corbett, 1992). So far we have given examples of community policing that have made improvements for minority groups by way of lower neighborhood crime rates, higher crime reporting rates, and a more positive public perception, but what about the perception of the police by foreign born citizens? Unfortunately there has been a lesser impact of community policing efforts observed by communities with a large number of recent immigrants. In A study, known as the Houston community policing experiment, Latinos scored lower measures of awareness, participation, and effectiveness of community policing than blacks (â€Å"The United States Department of Justice†, 2014). It is likely that language barriers, lack of understanding of the new culture around them, and a strong mistrust of the police that has been brought with them from their homeland hinders even the strongest efforts from being effective. Foreign born citizens are not the only people that harbor misconceptions about community policing. The public as a whole is still comprised of a large number of citizens with doubts. One of the most dominant misconceptions about police community relations is that is restricted only for efforts that regard minority groups. Although it was this that started the ball rolling, nothing could be further from the truth. Police agencies have a vested interest in creating and maintaining good relationships with the entire community no matter the ethnicity. Another misconception is that these practices are done strictly to receive positive reviews from the citizen review board. In most cases these programs are developed by the department themselves and are not subject to review of any kind (Kreps & Weller, 1973). Police community relations programs have not only improved the attitude of minority groups, and the entire public as a whole towards the police, but have also created a positive impact on communities by lowering the crime rate. Strategies used for community policing are as diverse as the population of the United States itself, but they all share the common goal of promoting strong relationships with those who in the past were underrepresented and abused. These programs continue to ensure an understanding between the justice system and the public, and  are necessary for harmony between the two. References (1974, May 5). Police community relations. Sun Sentinel. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/388977280?accountid=458 Corbett, M. (1992, February 24). Police boost community relations. Sacramento Observer. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/388977280?accountid=458 Policing the Social Crises of the 1960s. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/more-subjects/criminal-justice/development-of-the-american-police/policing-the-social-crises-of-the-1960s Thank God for the shelter. (2011). Retrieved from http://thankgodfortheshelter.com/2011/06/08/detroit-police-deparatment-%E2%80%93-police-community-services/ The Police-Community Relations Movement: Conciliatory Responses, Kreps, Gary A; Weller, Jack M The American Behavioral Scientist (pre-1986); Jan/Feb 1973; 16, 3; ProQuest Central pg. 402 The United States department of justice. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.justice.gov/

Persuasive speech: People should support organic food production Essay

Ladies and Gentlemen, Have you ever thought about the food you eat? Of course you have, we all do. We think about the taste, the ingredients and the health benefits, but we don’t question where the food comes from and we barely think about all the chemicals and toxins added to it, because most foods that we are surrounded with are all the same, most food companies that we enjoy are not organically produced, but are just easier to obtain. We see organic food so rarely and are encouraged so rarely by it that we don’t even think of it as a priority, we just think of it as an expensive rare market. I believe that people all around the world should support organic food production. In 1983 genetically modified food was introduced to the world, and by 1996 it was found on super-market shelves worldwide. It was a huge commercial explosion. Genetically modified food is produced from plants and animals that scientists have been able to modify by changing the gene structure, which can alter foods characteristics. One of the first examples of genetically modified foods is the FlavrSavr tomato; as you know when a tomato ripens, it reddens becomes soft, and naturally rots. Scientists then chemically were able to change the gene that causes this, meaning the tomato can ripen for longer, redden for longer, and rot slower than it naturally would. One of the main reasons why we should support organic food growth productions is for the better benefits for our bodies and health. As farmers plant seeds, they slowly inject the growing food with numerous amounts of toxins to make it genetically modified/ non-organic. The worst additions would be the pesticide toxins and irradiation. Pesticides are horrible toxins used on growing plants like tomatoes and oranges, which cause health risks. The Environmental Health News found a new case study showing that â€Å"prenatal exposure to pesticides, can decrease a child’s IQ and are proven to be more harmful to boys than girls as their developing brains are much more vulnerable.† Close to the end of the process when all the toxins have been added to create a sure non-organic product, irradiation is accustomed for non-organic products as it’s meant to kill the harmful bacteria and microorganisms in the plant, however naturalbias.com states â€Å"The purpose of  irradiation is to kill pathogens, but the ironic part is that it doesn’t kill all pathogens and certainly destroys most of the food’s good qualities. Irradiation also changes the chemical structure of the molecules within the food and can transform them into mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds that promote cancer.† All of this combined creates an awful product that I’m sure no one wants to consume. Laura Fillmore, from Gardnerville, Nevada, states in the NY Times â€Å"organic production is better for the land. Not probably better, but definitely better.† You probably don’t think about this much, because as teenagers we eat a lot of unhealthy products and although we are aware of some consequences and possibilities, we don’t seem to be very concerned about where the food comes from. Nevertheless we are concerned for the future of our planet, we want to help, we do the little things that make a difference; we recycle, we turn off the lights, we care about our future and our planet. But did you know that eating organic food can actually benefit the earth just as much? The chemicals added to the non-organic plants, suck all the nutrients out of the soil, damaging it, until it can start to restore, which can take over a hundred years. The land becomes useless, that’s why the US government is already looking for foreign land, which they could use for their farming. Due to these plantation techniques soil erosion occurs, it forms large amounts of dust in the air and when mixed with wind creates air pollution, which is v ery environmentally unfriendly, that’s why organic food is a better choice for farmers and for us to support. It’s an easy way we can help save our planet and our health. Organic food does tend to be more expensive, but if people can support organic food and demand its production, maybe we can create a better world for the next generation of people, it’s hard but it’s a goal that’s worth striving and completing! If we want to help our planet, our countries, and our selves we need think carefully about what we’re eating. We need to support organic food production we need to choose the best there is; which means the simplest. Israel, Brett, Environmental Health Sciences. â€Å"Environmental health news: Widely used pesticide seems to harm boys brains more than girls, 2012.† Accessed 18th September, 2012. http://www.environmentalhealthnews.org/ehs/news/2012/boys-and-chlorpyrifos Miller, Vin, Rage Wellness. â€Å"Natural bias: 7 major reasons to go organic, 2009.† Accessed 18th September, 2012. http://naturalbias.com/7-major-reasons-to-go-organic/ Savvy Vegetarians Inc. â€Å"What Is Organic Food and why we Should Eat It?† Accessed 19th September, 2012. http://www.savvyvegetarian.com/articles/what-is-organic-food.php

Visit, To Visit, Visitor - Confusing French Pairs

Visit, To Visit, Visitor - Confusing French Pairs There are a number of French equivalents for the English verb  to visit  and nouns  visit  and  visitor. I.  To Visit Aller voir  is the most general French term - it literally means to go to see, and is used only when visiting people. A somewhat more formal verb used to indicate that you are visiting people is  rendre visite . Je vais voir Monique. Im going to see Monique. Elle va voir ses parents. Shes going to see her parents. Je rends visite Anne. Im visiting Anne. Nous rendons visite Luc. Were visiting Luc. Aller   is used when you are visiting a town, museum, or other attraction. A more formal verb for this is  visiter. Je suis all Versailles. I went to Versailles. Nous allons en Belgique. Were going to Belgium. Jai visit le Muse dOrsay. I visited the Orsay Museum. Il visite actuellement Cannes. Hes currently visiting Cannes. A formal visit, such as an inspection, is expressed with  inspecter  or  faire une visite dinspection. II.  Visit The word  visit  can be translated by une  visite  (a tour) or un  sà ©jour  (a stay with someone).   La visite du muse dure 15 minutes. The museum visit lasts 15 minutes. Son sjour chez nous durera 3 jours. His visit with us will last 3 days. III.  Visitor Une  visite  is the general term for a  visitor  who is visiting a person, while  un(e) invità ©(e)  refers to a guest at a home or party.  Un(e) client(e)  is at a hotel and un  visiteur  visits a museum or exhibition. Je nai pas beaucoup de visites. I dont get many visitors. Il y aura 100 invits la fte. There will be 100 guests at the party. Les clients cet htel sont riches ! This hotels visitors are rich! Le muse reoit 200 visiteurs par jour. The museum gets 200 visitors a day. IV. Summary Visiting a... Person  Place To visit  aller voir     aller rendre visite            Ã‚  visiter Visit   un sà ©jour       une visite Visitor  un invità ©      un clientune visite                     un visiteur

greek civ vs the rest essays

greek civ vs the rest essays Greek Civ versus Roman Civ Todays society in which we live in has based itself on the past achievements and failures of previous civilizations which rose and fell with the hands of time. Every one of those civilizations made certain contributions to history as well as developing human intellectuality in order to enhance its chances of becoming the supreme ruler of our planets resources. If we look back in history right now we can say that every single mishap, disaster, breakthrough, war, or even a conversation has led to the advancement of our modern day society. There are many civilizations that have made major contributions to the structure of our modern society. From Babylons Hammurabi and his laws, to the extremely scientifical Egyptians, and the brilliant warlike Persians. Yet they all seem not as significant as the two most remembered ancient civilizations being the Greeks and the Romans. Both of these conquered large areas in order to enhance their trade routes and in the process conquering most of the known world. Ideas had been brought forward during the times of these two which are quite similarly very much incorporated into the way in which we live our everyday lives in our modern era. Since Rome was the biggest empire ever in history, lasting for the longest time, it has always been claimed to be the greatest contributor to humanities civil advancements. Rome has been credited for being the worlds first free-market empire. It also was the first empire to practice diplomacy through offering countries its Pax Romana (protection as long as the country pays taxes to Rome). (Internet1) Romes generals and rulers were amongst histories most successful both in its imperial time as well its republican era. Amongst Romes biggest and most astonishing aspects was the incredibly high standard of living in which it maintained. Hot water piping, beautiful...

An overview of Civil disobedience

An overview of Civil disobedience At the beginning of â€Å"Civil Disobedience,† Thoreau expresses agreement with the idea â€Å"that government is best which governs least†. When carried to its logical conclusion, this concept leads to the realization â€Å"that government is best which governs not at all†. Thoreau believes government is the mode people have chosen to affect their will and is apt to be exploited before the people can act through it. Whatever the government assumes or promises, Thoreau argues, it does not keep a country free and it does not educate. He claims that all good that has been accomplished in America has been done not by the government, but by the people. He also argues that further accomplishments may have been reached if the government had not interfered. Thoreau states that as a reasonable citizen, he does not ask for no government at all, but an improved government. The first step in improving a government is for the people to identify what kind of government would earn their respect and loyalty. The problem is that not every individual has a say in how the government should perform, and many do not have the respect or even acknowledgement from the government. The majority can rule simply because it is more physically powerful, and the minority has essentially no say in shaping law. To Thoreau, a government based on majority rule is not based on justice. He asks, â€Å"Should an individual citizen have to resign his conscience to the legislator?† If this is so, why would a person even have a conscience? Thoreau states that we should be men first and subjects later. It is not desirable to develop a high opinion of the law, so much as for justice and right. For an individual to do what he thinks is right is the only duty which one has the right to assume. Thoreau makes a good argument; a group on its own has no conscience. However, a group of conscientious people is a conscientious group. Thoreau claims that when the people have respect for an undeserving government, the only natural result is that the people will be following the law against their wills, against their common sense, and against their conscience. So, Thoreau asks, are these people men at all? He states, â€Å"A wise man will only be useful as a man, and will not submit to be clay†. Thoreau states that most men do recognize the right of revolution when a government’s tyranny or inefficiency are sufficiently great and unendurable. When most of a country is unjustly overrun, then this is the time for honest individuals to rebel and revolt. Thoreau refers to voting as â€Å"a game†. He states that a person votes as he thinks is right, but that he is not necessarily bothered by whether or not his belief – his vote – is successful. The people, he believes, seem to be willing to leave this to the majority. Thoreau argues that a real wise man would not take the risk of what is right not prevailing and would also realize that there is not much virtue in the action of the mass. But as far as real men go, Thoreau believes that they are few and rare. He makes this clear in this essay; â€Å"How many men are there to a square thousand miles in the country? Hardly one.† Thoreau believes that there are few real people, it seems, because we are hypocritical, inconsistent, and weak in our beliefs. He claims that many disapprove of the nature of the government but continue to support it. Such people, he argues, should be resisting the government. An individual cannot genuinely be content when he knows he is consciously being cheated or deceived. Thoreau believes that instead of obeying rules one knows to be unjust, the individual should attempt to alter those laws. He suggests that the power of governmental control is what causes people to perceive resistance as worse than obedience. The government and the mass do not seem to be aware of or appreciate the wise minority who would push for reform, and those who choose to resist are punished and humiliated. Most people would rather wait until the majority agrees that laws should be revised via traditional process than to resist. Thoreau argues that if a government expects an individual to follow and carry out injustice, then that government is not one that should be followed. He makes a very good claim by saying that when one is under a government which unjustly imprisons people, then prison would be the appropriate place for a true, just individual. Thoreau evidently believes that an individual should not follow laws which he or she believes to be unjust. He states, â€Å"Know all men by these presents, that I, Henry Thoreau, do not wish to be regarded as a member of any society which I have not joined.† He declares that a real man would find it less confining to be locked up in a prison cell knowing that he was doing what is right, rather than living â€Å"free† in a society while obeying laws he believes to be wrong. Thoreau tries to make it clear at the end of the essay that he does not hate the idea of government, but that it is in dire need of major improvement, and that it should only be followed if it is just and if it has the consent of those who it governs. He states that the state will never be progressive and free until it recognizes the individuals, rather than the mass, and respects them accordingly.

Scope and effect of sale of goods act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Scope and effect of sale of goods act - Essay Example The passing of property from the seller to buyer gained significance in the context of the buyer placing an order with the seller and then becoming insolvent. Had the product ordered for by the buyer already been shipped there arose a discrepancy in regard to the rights of the seller since he would unwillingly provide credit. The act clearly states that until all of the terms of the contract of the sale of goods, mainly the payment for the product, are met by the buyer, the seller has the right of disposal over the product. The clause â€Å"notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to the buyer† (Sales of Goods Act 1979, s19 (1)) gives a right to the seller to claim possession of the goods in question if the buyer has not fulfilled the terms of the contract. This clause is unlike those of international contracts which make property pass effective at a particular physical point or time such as during payment or at the loading port of ships (Ziegler, 139). (b) The rights of an u npaid seller against the buyer The rights of an unpaid seller are treated in section 19 of the act by allowing the seller, the title of retention of the goods to be sold to the buyer unless all the terms of the contract for the sale of the goods is fulfilled by the buyer. The rights of an insolvent or bankrupt buyer are superseded by the title of retention clause of the act whereby the seller has the right to repossess the goods even in case it has already been shipped to the buyer. ... In such cases, it is argued that it would upset the administration of the buyer’s business and hence the seller must not be given the right to disposal (Tomasic, 199). 2. Romalpa Clause Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV v Romalpa Aluminium Ltd Section 19 of the Act clearly states the rights of the unpaid seller; however a unique situation arose in 1974 when a Dutch manufacturer, Aluminium Industrie Vaassen BV brought out an action against an English company, Romalpa Aluminium Ltd. The plaintiffs claimed that they were entitled to the aluminium foil that was at the premises of the defendant since they had not paid for the goods and to the proceeds of the foil that had been sold to third parties by the defendant. The contract made between the plaintiff and the defendant reiterated the right of the seller over the goods until payment was made by the buyer, it also did not provide any stated power to the defendant to sell the foil; however it was agreed by both the parties subsequent ly that the defendant had an implied power to sell the foil. This agreement did not help either of the parties by any margin. While the defendant argued that it had sold the foil on its own account and was not an agent of the plaintiff’s, the plaintiff on the other hand chose to exercise the right of the seller as put forward by the Sales of Goods Act. . The case had become complex on two accounts: a part of the foil delivered to the defendant had been sub sold and this foil that was sub sold was in the same form as that delivered to the defendant. The court had to decide whether the defendant was acting merely as an agent of the plaintiff while sub selling the foil or if the

Evaluate the Strengths and Weakness of the Union and Confederacy Essay

Evaluate the Strengths and Weakness of the Union and Confederacy - Essay Example The war lasted from 1861 to May 1865 and was prompted by the attack of the union navy by confederacy at fort Sumter, South Carolina (Gallagher, 2001). The main goal of the war for the union which comprised 23 states was to maintain the union while the south comprising of 11 confederates was fighting for independence. The paper will discuss the causes of the civil war, the strengths and weaknesses of the union and the confederacy as well as how the north, south and west contributed to the outcome of the war. Kelly (2011) argues that the main cause of the war was the economic and social differences that existed between the north and the south. The north had many material resources and was industrialized while the south depended on agriculture especially cotton plantations. The north had many factories and industries and processed the cotton from the south. As a result of industrialization, the whites and the African Americans in the north interacted socially and the republicans advocat ed for free labor and democracy and this angered the south (Engle, 2001). Slavery was another issue that led to the war. The institution of slavery was viewed as degradation to the value of free of labor by the north. For the south, slavery was inevitable as it provided the much needed cheap labor in the cotton plantations. ... ugh and Muntone (2009), the election of Abraham Lincoln as the president of United States was the height of dissent by the south as he was a proponent of the black rights. Furthermore, the Republican Party was opposed to the extension of slavery to the west hence his election was seen as a threat to slavery by the south thus the secession. The south also felt its rights were being infringed. The union vowed to bring back the states which had seceded and the confederacy on the other hand, vowed to fight for its independence. The north had many advantages over the south at the beginning of the war. It had a population more than twice that of the confederacy. Gallagher (2001, p. 22) observes that the north had a population of 31, 500,000 people in 23 states while the south had a population of 9,100,000 people in 11 confederate states which included 3,500,000 slaves and 130,000 free black people. Since the slaves and the free blacks were opposed to slavery, they were unlikely to help in the fighting. The north thus had a pool of men where it could get replacements, reinforcements and people to engage in noncombat jobs in the industries. Moreover, it had the support of the Border States as well as the free black men from the confederate states. The north also had an advantage in terms of economic strength. According to Farabaugh and Munte (2009, p. 163), the north owned 80% of material resources, factories and industries. It also had four times cash on deposit in the banks than the south hence it could easily obtain the materials needed for the war. The north also had a railroad mileage of 22, 000 compared to 9,000 in the south. Moreover, the northern roads were modern and better maintained. It also had a navy and was in control of the seas thus blocking the ports would

Business information for Fly Guys about Excel Spreadsheet and Access Assignment

Business information for Fly Guys about Excel Spreadsheet and Access Database - Assignment Example In contrast, the Excel spreadsheets would keep displaying messages about a locked file and this might intimidate the passengers in addition to contributing to time wastage. Thus, Access database application is a better alternative as pertains to the support of the booking operations. Second, Access database uses structured query languages (SQL) to manipulate records. An even more striking aspect of this future is that the end-user can tailor the queries to suit the business needs. For example, it is possible generating reports based on criteria such as passengers involved in half journeys, passengers involved in full journeys and passengers who are most loyal to Fly Guys. On the other hand, Excel spreadsheets lack such fascinating features. Implicit in this is the point that a business which embraces Excel as an information management tool is likely to be restricted with regards to generating reports that can support business goals. So, MS Access database is better placed to meet the custom report generation needs at Fly Guys. Another reason why Fly Guys would need to focus on MS Access to address the custom report needs is its scalability and flexibility. In brief, Access can scale well and communicate seamlessly with nearly all other 21st century relational databases via open database connectivity (ODBC) connections. The only prerequisite for this capability is for the involved database administrator to have a thorough knowledge of the Fly Guys-owned MS Access database file. As Beskeen (2010) puts it, MS Access is a better option when it comes to information storage. In general, the application’s capabilities come in handy when a need arises to store information for a more elaborated time. This aspect suits the operation at Fly Guys because the records handled will inevitably rise.

NOMAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NOMAD - Essay Example NOMAD is a portable has light and uses a 14.4v rechargeable battery to get power. NOMAD is light in weight and reduced size and is designed with an intention for proper operator handing. The beam of the machine is 1.5mm. When using this machine source to skin distance is kept at 20 – 30cm. The peak potential radiographic parameters and anode current are both fixed at60kv and 2.3 MA. The worker can only adjust the irradiation time which can change from 0.01 to 0.99. The NOMAD is a highly advantageous machine as it has the benefit of giving good result with dental imaging. Obtaining post mortem radiograph is an exclusive feature of NOMAD x ray machine. This machine was first used during the disaster of tsunami in Southeast Asia which was manufactured by Aribex. As per ( Cole,2011) â€Å"The NOMAD Pro Handheld X-ray System has revolutionized the way dental x-rays are taken. One lightweight 2.5-kg NOMAD does the work of multiple wall-mounted systems, and can be used with digital sensors, phosphor plates, or traditional film†. This x- ray machine was extremely dependable and effective device. Since the machine is of compact size and uses a batter powered operation is has proved useful in relatively austere environment. NOMAD’s first domestic use was in a DVI morgue by DMORT in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina where in conjunction with the DEXIS digital x- ray sensor. It performed excellently and provided the post mortem dental images with consistent and high quality. At present there are two models of NOMAD, the classic model is the original version of the device. As per ( Senn.2013.pg.183) â€Å" NOMAD x-ray machine weighs approximately eight pounds and is shielded in such a way to essentially eliminate all leakage from the body of the device†. The NOMAD x – ray machine does not have the problem like older x- ray machine where the operator has to stand 6ft from the machine when exposing a radiograph. The

Active Listening at a Parent-Teacher Association Meeting Essay

Active Listening at a Parent-Teacher Association Meeting - Essay Example For this particular meeting, the teacher's table was set off to a side of the room to hold the laptop and projector that would be used for the power point presentation later on. Anticipation built up as to who would be the speaker for the night as the parents and teachers began to trickle into the classroom. There were rumors that the school Principal, Ms Berry would be addressing the parents directly due to the need for financial pledges in the improvement of the private school facilities. I noticed that most of the parents seemed to have been coming in directly from work, some still dressed in their official uniforms or looking haggard as they ran from an office meeting to the PTA conference. I chose to attend this particular event because I knew that the people who would be in attendance would already be distracted by either their exhaustion from a busy day at the office or their desire to get home as soon as possible in order to attend to their household and parental duties. From what I observed of the attitude of the people gathered in that classroom that evening, they wanted to be anywhere but at the school at that very moment. It seemed obvious to anyone observing the group such as myself, that this was one group that was not in the mood to listen to anything the speaker of the night had to say. Once the school principal arrived, it became fairly obvious that the rumors were true and she would be taking to the stand in order to address the parents. Knowing very well that I would have to report about the meeting to my cousin upon her arrival, I began preparing myself to become an effective listener based upon the principles outlined in our book. DeVito clearly outlined the principles of listening within the pages of our textbook.  

Business information for Fly Guys about Excel Spreadsheet and Access Assignment

Business information for Fly Guys about Excel Spreadsheet and Access Database - Assignment Example In contrast, the Excel spreadsheets would keep displaying messages about a locked file and this might intimidate the passengers in addition to contributing to time wastage. Thus, Access database application is a better alternative as pertains to the support of the booking operations. Second, Access database uses structured query languages (SQL) to manipulate records. An even more striking aspect of this future is that the end-user can tailor the queries to suit the business needs. For example, it is possible generating reports based on criteria such as passengers involved in half journeys, passengers involved in full journeys and passengers who are most loyal to Fly Guys. On the other hand, Excel spreadsheets lack such fascinating features. Implicit in this is the point that a business which embraces Excel as an information management tool is likely to be restricted with regards to generating reports that can support business goals. So, MS Access database is better placed to meet the custom report generation needs at Fly Guys. Another reason why Fly Guys would need to focus on MS Access to address the custom report needs is its scalability and flexibility. In brief, Access can scale well and communicate seamlessly with nearly all other 21st century relational databases via open database connectivity (ODBC) connections. The only prerequisite for this capability is for the involved database administrator to have a thorough knowledge of the Fly Guys-owned MS Access database file. As Beskeen (2010) puts it, MS Access is a better option when it comes to information storage. In general, the application’s capabilities come in handy when a need arises to store information for a more elaborated time. This aspect suits the operation at Fly Guys because the records handled will inevitably rise.

Active Listening at a Parent-Teacher Association Meeting Essay

Active Listening at a Parent-Teacher Association Meeting - Essay Example For this particular meeting, the teacher's table was set off to a side of the room to hold the laptop and projector that would be used for the power point presentation later on. Anticipation built up as to who would be the speaker for the night as the parents and teachers began to trickle into the classroom. There were rumors that the school Principal, Ms Berry would be addressing the parents directly due to the need for financial pledges in the improvement of the private school facilities. I noticed that most of the parents seemed to have been coming in directly from work, some still dressed in their official uniforms or looking haggard as they ran from an office meeting to the PTA conference. I chose to attend this particular event because I knew that the people who would be in attendance would already be distracted by either their exhaustion from a busy day at the office or their desire to get home as soon as possible in order to attend to their household and parental duties. From what I observed of the attitude of the people gathered in that classroom that evening, they wanted to be anywhere but at the school at that very moment. It seemed obvious to anyone observing the group such as myself, that this was one group that was not in the mood to listen to anything the speaker of the night had to say. Once the school principal arrived, it became fairly obvious that the rumors were true and she would be taking to the stand in order to address the parents. Knowing very well that I would have to report about the meeting to my cousin upon her arrival, I began preparing myself to become an effective listener based upon the principles outlined in our book. DeVito clearly outlined the principles of listening within the pages of our textbook.  

Thomas Malthus Thomas Jefferson Essay Example for Free

Thomas Malthus Thomas Jefferson Essay Thomas Malthus is popular for his Malthusian theory of population where he presents a mathematical perspective to express his ideology about population. To him, the population grows at a geometric rate while the food supply grows at an arithmetic progression and the resultant effect of this is that the population would out do the food supply. Consequently there would be increased rates of starvation and extreme poverty. Although he was aware of technological advancement he did not appreciate the fact that it would have a significant effect on the food production and hence the adverse effects of population growth would not be felt. He argues that the population would be checked by natural calamities like drought, war, famine as well as moral restraint where some people may not get married or others would delay marriage to bear few children. He also cited high infant mortality rates as a means of controlling the population.   Although many dismissed his theory citing it as one full of pessimism, Thomas Jefferson partly supported it. To him, it would best explain the European situation but not the American state. It is actually true the American land was very vast that it would accommodate many people. Population growth would consequently be seen as a means of ensuring that the unoccupied lands were utilized. (Faragher J, 2002). If the Americans worked hard to increase labor effectiveness then the food supply would be adequate for the increasing population. He argued that both the food supply and the population would increase at a geometric progression and hence no cause for alarm.   Thomas Jefferson did not seem to favor industrialization and advocated for increased agriculture. He distinguished Europe and America where he was quick to note that Europe had abundant labor and if it utilized its land to the optimal it would be able to overcome the adverse effects of population growth. (Wood J, 1994). To him, Europe should aim at maximizing its labor potential. He further argued that the European political economy was in a manner that needed to be changed as it was exploitative and to this respect he favored the democratic American population. Population policies did not exist to control the population but natural means favored it. It is important to note that immigrants were excluded but this was not due to economic reasons but due to racial as well as religious reasons. (Wood J, 1994).   He explained how the European population had doubled in a span of 23-24 years which is equivalent to a 3% increase per annum making it necessary to retain the previous reserves as they would be needed by the increasing population. However, for the American case he argues that population growth would be a mechanism of ensuring that vacant lands were occupied. (Wood J, 1994).   Ã‚  I think that both Malthus and Jefferson had a misconception regarding population growth and food supply. They underrated people’s innovation abilities. The theory was based on historical data and consequently a way of explaining historical trends and hence ineffective in explaining future population trends. It is inappropriate to justify the applicability of the theory because Europe population seemed to be increasing in a regular pattern. The linear or rather arithmetic progression of food supply was not based on experimentation but rather on convenient assumptions. (West B and Deering W, 1995). Population does not seem to increase exponentially as they both argued. In fact in the face of industrialization people tend to concentrate more in improving the quality of life rather than the population size. Again, the notion that population growth and food supply being independent on each other is also wrong. Malthusian theory does not bear any truth in today’s society as people’s birth rates have declined. A major advantage of increased physical mobility in the American society is that it ensured the provision of labor in areas where it is demanded and this was vital in the industrialization process. The physical mobility is also vital as it ensures the transfer of technological know how which is very significant in economic growth.   (Bergsten F, 2005). Social evils like crime and prostitution are bound to rise due to increased mobility. The political organization must also be affected as with time some immigrants become permanent citizens and have to air their views which is not necessarily the wish of the natives. Discrimination also emerged especially against the immigrants and this led to the rise of classes. The immigrants recorded lower living standards as compared to the natives. (Bergsten F, 2005). References: John MacK Faragher 2002. Out of Many: A History of the American People, 4th ed. Prentice Hall Publisher. Fred Bergsten. 2005. The United States and the World Economy: Foreign Economic Policy for the immigrants. Peterson Institute Publishers.   Bruce West and William Deering. 1995. The Lure of Modern Science: Fractal Thinking World Scientific Science Publishers. John Cunningham Wood. 1994. Thomas Robert Malthus: Critical Assessments. Routledge Publishers.

Strategies of Infosys Technologies Ltd

Strategies of Infosys Technologies Ltd Strategic management Strategic management defines the art of planning the business to the positive level. It is the duty of the companys leader to make an effective strategic plan. Strategic management focuses on building a solid underlying structure to the business Strategic management relies on three important factors: 1. Businesss objectives? 2. Ways to achieve those objectives? 3. Resources required to achieve those business objectives Strategic management helps in allocating right amount of resources to the different parts of business so that those resources will help achieve the strategic goals. The workers should be provided with necessary training, all information, data and work process are tested. This would help the organisation lead in a successful path, organisation needs are met, the work are aligned together enabling companies to move up in facing to new changes and competition Leadership Peter Drucker: The only definition of a leader is someone who has followers. To gain followers requires influence but doesnt exclude the lack of integrity in achieving this. Indeed, it can be argued that several of the worlds greatest leaders have lacked integrity and have adopted values that would not be shared by many people today. John C Maxwell : leadership is influence nothing more, nothing less. This moves beyond the position defining the leader, to looking at the ability of the leader to influence others both those who would consider themselves followers, and those outside that circle. Leader is one who leads the others, either in right way or the wrong way, that all depends on the leader. Leadership qualities are inbuilt which should be developed, good leadership is easier to practice in an organization. Good leadership requires deep human qualities. In todays world good leaders are made and they act as enabling force in developing people and organization. Leadership qualities help in achieving peoples needs and organisational needs. Effective leadership requires good attitudes and behaviours which relate to humanity. Leadership involves decision making and actions, leaders are one important person because they have unique responsibility towards people and organisation. They should acquire skills and knowledge to perform organisational activities. They should be strong by emotion and behaviour characters this would help in understanding and resolving employee issues The strategic management and leadership are deeply aligned with each others, if both are taken in right path it would lead to organisation success. Today in this competitive world the number 1 companies of all sectors is because of the effective leadership and strategic management. Both these are like eyes of an organisation one cannot survive without the other. For example the worlds richest man Carlos slim is one good example for leadership and good strategic management; he has 90% of the telecom sector in Mexico. He is the leader and he planned in such a way that the organization has grown from a initial stage, step by step it attained gradual growth and now it is well known in the world, there are so many organisation which were very popular and now they do not have an existence; do you think why it happened to those organisation, it is because it could be a change in the leader or could be a poor strategic management. There are occasions where bankrupt organisations rise up in t he market this also happens because of the leader and strategic management. 1.2 1.3 The role of leadership in management is largely determined by the Organizational culture of the company. It said that managers belief, values and assumptions are critical importance to the overall style of leadership that they adopt. There are different leadership style that can be identified Within each of the following management techniques. Autocratic The word Autocratic itself defines self oriented, the leader him self is the decision maker, he dominates his team members, he always uses force to achieve objectives, this type of leadership approach will result to resistance from team members, the team members will find it hard to cooperate with the leader because the leader will have a continual pressure on his team members to get the output. This type of approach is carried by many leaders I the organisation, as far as people has done a research on leadership style and it was said this leadership style is not a good way to get things done, even though it is practices in many places it yields a good result. Lassie faire This leadership style has little or no control on his ream members, it reflects that the leader is no way bothered about the result or the team members, the team member have to perform their roles and duties, they need to tackle upon the difficult situation without the leader, the team members will perform to an extent because they do have little motivation and direction. This kind of leadership style is effective when people are subject matter expertise, highly motivated and skilled people. The leaders will not set any goal for them, they need to create their own and work towards achieving it. Democratic The word democracy defines for the people, by the people and of the people, many countries in the world follow democratic type of rule, similarly organisational Leaders follow democratic leadership style, here leaders make decision by consulting his team members because each one think differently from different perspective, here the leader has possibilities where in he could pick the best choice or upgrade his ideas based on the feedback given by his team members but still he gains control over the team. The team members will decide how the task be completed who will be the right person, here there are possibilities of identifying the strength of each and every Individual, here participation will be one main aspect, team bonding, group work, group discussion and equal delegation of work is possible, team can perform well in this case. Although every thing happens in team the responsibility of the result or output will affect the team leader. Motivation and direction will be an important factor of this leadership style. Today most of the corporate, software and BPO industries in the world follow this kind of leadership style and I believe this as the most successful leadership style. Transactional The leader sets some standards for every individual, the follower or the individual is rated based on the performance standard. This is basically set in every organisation for every department. This leadership style is useful to analyse the performance review and rate the employees Transformational This leadership style creates a change in every individual, it has the ability to inspire and motivate employees to achieve new heights, this style depends only on the leader. This leadership is successful when the leaders decision is right. Charismatic This leadership style creates a positive approach in an environment, the leader is been inspired by the team member, here the leader is considered friendly, easy approachable, the team members will have a great opinion on the leader, the team members would walk with the team leaders opinion. This type of leaders are the most successful in the organisation. They bring change to environment in the organisation and people in the organisation Visionary This leadership style focuses on the future, it is a kind of prediction, and they work on attaining the organisational objectives. They put focus on where they are and what they want to be. They work to attain the future goals. Background of the company Infosys Technologies Ltd. was started in 1981 by 7 people with USD 250. Today, we are a global leader in the next generation of IT and consulting with revenues of US$ 5.7 billion. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology-enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies. Infosys also provides a complete range of services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances leading technology providers. Infosys pioneered the global delivery model (GDM), which emerged as a disruptive force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the principle of taking work to the location where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a global footprint with 65 offices and 59 development centers in India, China, Australia, the Czech Republic, Poland, the UK, Canada and Japan. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 127,779 employees as on December 31, 2010. Infosys takes pride in building strategic long-term client relationships. Over 97% of revenues come from existing customers (FY 10). This organisation Infosys has different leadership style. They do follow autocratic, democratic, lassie faire, transactional, transformational and visionary leadership styles. Autocratic: There are certain departments in Infosys where in they follow autocratic style. This depends on how the process is to be done. They get instructions from their clients to work on a project, the leader delegates the work to their team members. The team members works on the project and completes it as per the instruction from their leader. Democratic: The IT sector of Infosys has several project, they work on the home page and navigating page of some web pages like Google, twitter etc. here the leader asks for the suggestion from the team members, upon debate and discussion and acceptance from team members and team leader, the project continues. Lassie faire: The team leaders give their deal line to their subordinates to work on the project. If suppose the deadline is a month they do not care for the first 20 days, the 21st day they have a check on the team member, then he cares on the work and at the final stage the work will be completed. Transformational: The team leader delegates work to every individual, a team member may be specialist in programmer, but he delegate the work to other person in the tea and delegate the coding work to the specialist in the programmer, there are possibilities where the team member will learn all sectors of their project, in other part he may get vexed because he is been allotted with some work which he is not related to. Charismatic: We could see several managers in our concern, they have a good understanding about their team members. The leaders know who their members are and what could they do. In similar way the team members understands their leader because the leader would have approached them in a friendly manner apart from leader, the leader inspires them in every aspect so the team member would do anything for them in terms of work.This method of leadership is carried out in every organisation. Even though every employee has dissatisfaction in their job they do it ether they have to do it or for the sake to save their leader from problems. 2.1 2.2 The role of leadership in management is largely determined by the organizational culture of the company. It said that managers belief, values and assumptions are critical importance to the overall style of leadership that they adopt. There are different leadership style that can be identified within each of the following management techniques. Autocratic The word Autocratic itself defines self oriented, the leader him self is the decision maker, he dominates his team members, he always uses force to achieve objectives, this type of leadership approach will result to resistance from team members, the team members will find it hard to cooperate with the leader because the leader will have a continual pressure on his team members to get the output. This type of approach is carried by many leaders I the organisation, as far as people has done a research on leadership style and it was said this leadership style is not a good way to get things done, even though it is practices in many places it yields a good result. Lassie faire This leadership style has little or no control on his ream members, it reflects that the leader is no way bothered about the result or the team members, the team member have to perform their roles and duties, they need to tackle upon the difficult situation without the leader, the team members will perform to an extent because they do have little motivation and direction. This kind of leadership style is effective when people are subject matter expertise, highly motivated and skilled people. The leaders will not set any goal for them, they need to create their own and work towards achieving it. Democratic The word democracy defines for the people, by the people and of the people, many countries in the world follow democratic type of rule, similarly organisational Leaders follow democratic leadership style, here leaders make decision by consulting his team members because each one think differently from different perspective, here the leader has possibilities where in he could pick the best choice or upgrade his ideas based on the feedback given by his team members but still he gains control over the team. The team members will decide how the task be completed who will be the right person, here there are possibilities of identifying the strength of each and every Individual, here participation will be one main aspect, team bonding, group work, group discussion and equal delegation of work is possible, team can perform well in this case. Although every thing happens in team the responsibility of the result or output will affect the team leader. Motivation and direction will be an important factor of this leadership style. Today most of the corporate, software and BPO industries in the world follow this kind of leadership style and I believe this as the most successful leadership style. Transactional The leader sets some standards for every individual, the follower or the individual is rated based on the performance standard. This is basically set in every organisation for every department. This leadership style is useful to analyse the performance review and rate the employees Transformational This leadership style creates a change in every individual, it has the ability to inspire and motivate employees to achieve new heights, this style depends only on the leader. This leadership is successful when the leaders decision is right. Charismatic This leadership style creates a positive approach in an environment, the leader is been inspired by the team member, here the leader is considered friendly, easy approachable, the team members will have a great opinion on the leader, the team members would walk with the team leaders opinion. This type of leaders are the most successful in the organisation. They bring change to environment in the organisation and people in the organisation Visionary This leadership style focuses on the future, it is a kind of prediction, and they work on attaining the organisational objectives. They put focus on where they are and what they want to be. They work to attain the future goals. Background of the company Infosys Technologies Ltd. was started in 1981 by 7 people with USD 250. Today, we are a global leader in the next generation of IT and consulting with revenues of US$ 5.7 billion. Infosys defines, designs and delivers technology-enabled business solutions that help Global 2000 companies. Infosys also provides a complete range of services by leveraging our domain and business expertise and strategic alliances leading technology providers. Infosys pioneered the global delivery model (GDM), which emerged as a disruptive force in the industry leading to the rise of offshore outsourcing. The GDM is based on the principle of taking work to the location where the best talent is available, where it makes the best economic sense, with the least amount of acceptable risk. Infosys has a global footprint with 65 offices and 59 development centers in India, China, Australia, the Czech Republic, Poland, the UK, Canada and Japan. Infosys and its subsidiaries have 127,779 employees as on December 31, 2010. Infosys takes pride in building strategic long-term client relationships. Over 97% of revenues come from existing customers (FY 10). This organisation Infosys has different leadership style. They do follow autocratic, democratic, lassie faire, transactional, transformational and visionary leadership styles. Autocratic: There are certain departments in Infosys where in they follow autocratic style. This depends on how the process is to be done. They get instructions from their clients to work on a project, the leader delegates the work to their team members. The team members works on the project and completes it as per the instruction from their leader. Democratic: The IT sector of Infosys has several project, they work on the home page and navigating page of some web pages like Google, twitter etc. here the leader asks for the suggestion from the team members, upon debate and discussion and acceptance from team members and team leader, the project continues. Lassie faire: The team leaders give their deal line to their subordinates to work on the project. If suppose the deadline is a month they do not care for the first 20 days, the 21st day they have a check on the team member, then he cares on the work and at the final stage the work will be completed. Transformational: The team leader delegates work to every individual, a team member may be specialist in programmer, but he delegate the work to other person in the tea and delegate the coding work to the specialist in the programmer, there are possibilities where the team member will learn all sectors of their project, in other part he may get vexed because he is been allotted with some work which he is not related to. Charismatic: We could see several managers in our concern, they have a good understanding about their team members. The leaders know who their members are and what could they do. In similar way the team members understands their leader because the leader would have approached them in a friendly manner apart from leader, the leader inspires them in every aspect so the team member would do anything for them in terms of work. This method of leadership is carried out in every organisation. Even though every employee has dissatisfaction in their job they do it ether they have to do it or for the sake to save their leader from problems. CONTINGENCY THEORY Every leader has different working style and he is contingent to situational factors, capabilities and behaviour of their team members. This theory provides perspective and management based on the priority, it started with the dependency, depending on the people needs and requirement this concept came into existence, this would give a brief of which material is required and which is not required by the people. So the organisation with the contingency theory can work on the requirement. Task 3 3.1 3.2 Globalisation: Effective management and leadership are two most important factors of an organisation, many organisation fail because of the poor leadership, in this global world two third of employers admit that they have poor leadership development. Today in this global market, a leader with good leadership qualities are welcomed every part of the world, there are some disadvantages because they do not have their own customer base, the customers are worldwide and they have to serve every customers, same way competition plays a major part on the opportunity, relocation of employees also happens because of globalisation, it is the business knowledge, awareness, understanding cultural difference, commitment towards job, personal and professional integrity which makes an individual a good leader. The management recruits or looks for those kind of person in leadership role Ethics and corporation: Leader is also a human like others, the reason being he has developed certain qualities; people rate the behaviours such as performance management and personal management. More over the leader should treat his followers fair with ethics; he has to enhance employee management more than performance management. Treatment of all employees fair and equal, easy approachable, keeps on his commitment, no favourites, supports employees and appreciates when does a good job, supports personal development of employees, ongoing feedback in business. These are the key aspects where in the manager or a leader should possess. Corporate social responsibility Organisational operations are of two types inner circle and outer circle, inner circle is the process that happens within the people and the process i.e the quality of the management, the other one deals with the outer world, in what ways the society and the outer stakeholders look at the organisation, mostly people look at the outer part how has the company done in terms of product and services, how it is been familiar within people based on environment and workforce, its financial analysis and focus on the future. When the organisation grew the people in the organisation should grew with good change in the economic and environment changes to the society, many organisation in this country follow CSR to advertise themselves to the market and would like to get interest in people and stakeholders Merger and acquisition Merger is merging one organisation with the other and acquisition in acquiring or controlling another organisation, this happens to enlarge its business in the global market, quality staffs with good knowledge about the market, when one business is underperforming so to lift up merger or acquisition takes place, to increase the customer base, to make production and provide service, to be one among the competitive organisations of the world. Apart from this there are even certain disadvantages that could take place because of merger and acquisition, things go wrong when nothing happens as expected. 3.3 We are not now as we were 20 years ago, day by day everything changes but we could not realise it now, when we look after years we could see everything has changed, similarly our planet is changing with change in countrys economy, standards, and way of living. Even the organisational structure changes with change in leaders, the leaders should be distinct with their attitudes, they are the one who are going to deceide on the future, their decision affects them as well as their followers, so he should be good in knowledge, personal and professional skills, he shouls be trained in all aspects of the organisation, deision making and problem solving. These attitudes will create a change in the working environment and that would lead the organisation to a successful path. 4.1 4.2 Leaders are the one who leads others, they know more than the followers because they are going to lead them, in order to lead them the leader should be well trained in all aspects, the organisation should provide training through professionals, course that would be useful in implementing it in organisation, seminars and workshop, which can provide some experience for the leaders. Formal learning: Formal learning is usual training that is provided to the leaders in educating them about the specifications, formal training differs as per the persons. Self help Self help is improving from one point to other without the help of others, here we need to understand who we are and what needs to be done in improving ourselves. Development activities Training, courses, job rotation, executive coaching, monitoring, reading article etc are some of the development activities that takes place in every Organisation, the leader should be trained on one or more aspects, if he undergoes such development activities he would attain certain leadership skills, that could be executed in his professional career, he could understand the followers attitude and mentality and help them when required, if possible he could train them with these qualities and make them a future leader. My leader at Infosys was amazing, he understands his team members and cope up with them during hard situations, he undergoes training that are allocated to him by the organisation and training that are done by leading professionals in the market, he wasted to educate him self in all aspects, reading books, browsing through web and listening to speech made by top man in every organisations, he allocates himself in every job shifts giving equal importance to every individual in team and monitoring them. These methods shape in every individual with required development in leadership skills. sdjbsj 1.1 link http://www.teal.org.uk/leadership/definition.htm 1.3 http://www.infosys.com/about/what-we-do/pages/index.aspx

Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Teaching Statement

Philosophy of Education On October 20, 2001 I had the greatest dream. From this dream, I came to the realization that I would become an educator. I’ve always felt that the hardest decision to make is what to do for the rest of your life. My life was heading on a different road in a completely different direction. After being down this road for nearly three years, I discovered that I was not satisfied with my initial career choice. The road led me to Concord College. My educational plan is to graduate with a Bachelor of Science degree in Education with a concentration in Early Childhood Special Education. I have a six year old daughter and a four year old son, that gave me complete inspiration for deciding on this field of study. Once both of my children are in school I plan to work towards my Masters in Education with a concentration in Reading. While at Concord this semester, I have several courses, outside of education, in which I have incorporated my passion for education. Upon graduation I will substitute teach for the Mercer County School System until I am offered a full-time position or until I begin my graduate studies. I hope to be placed in a preschool or kindergarten class because I feel that this is where it all begins and I want to be a part of their first formal learning experience. I have been placed in seven Mercer County Schools for field placements. I have had positive experiences at all the placements. I have seen how wonderfully a school has embraced an â€Å"open† school environment and overcame many obstacles that stem from this type of school. I have seen how standardized testing in the school system, puts a great deal of pressure on the teachers to make sure the students know their material well enough to move to the next level. These tests also put pressure on the students to do well. I have experienced how to modify your lessons to fit every student in the classroom.

Essay --

Budgetary shortfalls have become a part of everyday news and a grim reality for both public and private sectors. Negotiating a win-win scenario for all vested parties sometimes can seem like an insurmountable and daunting task. In order to run a successful municipality, all vested parties must collaborate and be solution based. Transparency plays a huge role in establishing trust, credibility and facilitating an agreeable end result. Every financial organization must create a budget. In simple terms, the budget is a plan that outlines how resources will be utilized during a specific period of time. A balanced budget generally translates into an organization demonstrating financial health and or responsibility, (Kennon, 2014). When the amount of goods or services exceeds the amount of revenue being generated, budgets then need to be revised so that they are in line. This generally means that concessions need to be made by governmental officials, union groups, employe es, constituents or all of the aforementioned stakeholders in the community. Due to a drop in revenue, a slight increase in contracted services and an increase in post employment expenditures for the current fiscal year, the mayor of my jurisdiction has asked all department heads to analyze, revise and submit a budget reflecting a 2% decrease in expenditures for the following year. This will allow for the government to remain solvent without raising the tax rate. As the department head of the public safety division, I oversee the budgets for the police and fire departments. This includes 44 full time police officer, 16 full time fire fighters and 10 part time fire fighters. Total yearly expense for the public safety division is $9,460,000 or 72% o... ... this would reduce the number of calls and offset the expense by 25% or $18,750. Each year the police and fire departments are involved in community outreach efforts. Costs in excess of $31,500 for events like the national fire safety week, national night out, crime stoppers, DARE, personal safety seminars and workshops, etcetera are typically absorbed by the public safety department and provided to the community free of charge. Being strategic as to what educational programs are offered and limiting the events to quarterly rather than monthly would save the jurisdiction approximately $7,000 annually without completely eliminating the programs that the community has come to expect. All told with the strategic approach to budget allocation and the implementation of targeted increases for those who violate the law, the proposed savings is $190,250. Essay -- Budgetary shortfalls have become a part of everyday news and a grim reality for both public and private sectors. Negotiating a win-win scenario for all vested parties sometimes can seem like an insurmountable and daunting task. In order to run a successful municipality, all vested parties must collaborate and be solution based. Transparency plays a huge role in establishing trust, credibility and facilitating an agreeable end result. Every financial organization must create a budget. In simple terms, the budget is a plan that outlines how resources will be utilized during a specific period of time. A balanced budget generally translates into an organization demonstrating financial health and or responsibility, (Kennon, 2014). When the amount of goods or services exceeds the amount of revenue being generated, budgets then need to be revised so that they are in line. This generally means that concessions need to be made by governmental officials, union groups, employe es, constituents or all of the aforementioned stakeholders in the community. Due to a drop in revenue, a slight increase in contracted services and an increase in post employment expenditures for the current fiscal year, the mayor of my jurisdiction has asked all department heads to analyze, revise and submit a budget reflecting a 2% decrease in expenditures for the following year. This will allow for the government to remain solvent without raising the tax rate. As the department head of the public safety division, I oversee the budgets for the police and fire departments. This includes 44 full time police officer, 16 full time fire fighters and 10 part time fire fighters. Total yearly expense for the public safety division is $9,460,000 or 72% o... ... this would reduce the number of calls and offset the expense by 25% or $18,750. Each year the police and fire departments are involved in community outreach efforts. Costs in excess of $31,500 for events like the national fire safety week, national night out, crime stoppers, DARE, personal safety seminars and workshops, etcetera are typically absorbed by the public safety department and provided to the community free of charge. Being strategic as to what educational programs are offered and limiting the events to quarterly rather than monthly would save the jurisdiction approximately $7,000 annually without completely eliminating the programs that the community has come to expect. All told with the strategic approach to budget allocation and the implementation of targeted increases for those who violate the law, the proposed savings is $190,250.

Capital Justification Purchase Essay

This assignment requires justification to the vice president for approval to purchase a major piece of equipment for use in the radiology department of the hospital. My main objective is to provide valuable information to justify the cost as well as provide critical data that substantiates the ROI. Additionally, the report will have detailed information outlining the benefits that will assist in the decision making process and address all concerns and questions relating to the purchase. Lastly, the report will include how beneficial and profitable the technology will be for the hospital. The radiology department is in need of a MRI machine to better provide safer and reliable results for detecting breast cancer. I have done extensive research on the several different types of technological devices and believe that I have come up with the best model. In considering the Siemens’s MAGNETOM Espree-Pink the following six major categories to follow were taken into account to help su bstantiate the purchase:† 1) available alternative; available resources; cost data; benefit data; prior performance, and risk projection.† (Cleverely, et al, 2011, pg. 426). Based upon the research conducted, I believe that this model will improve the quality of patient care, help streamline breast exams and detect the disease with greater confidence. Research shows that MRI’s can be helpful in breast care, especially in high-risk women. The MAGNETOM Espree –Pink offers a unique design and has demonstrated that no other system comes close to offering patient comfort. This state of the art equipment will take us into the future with the latest technological advances. MAGNETOM Espree-Pink combines an open-bore design with the Sentinelle breast coil for Siemens which offers exceptional breast imagining and biopsy capabilities. And, the future is built in, for instance should our needs change over time, we have the option to upgrade the system to a MAGNETOM Espree whole-body scanner –with all the latest advanced applications and renowned technology. This will allow us the capabilities of having the ability to detect cancer in  other ar eas of the body. MAGNETOM Espree-Pink offers the following: Pink Comfort, Pink Workflow and Pink Applications. Pink Comfort can greatly reduce errors due to patient movement, resulting in better image quality. â€Å"The open-bore design offers an exclusive 70 cm inner diameter, providing exceptional comfort. It enables patients to feel more at ease, particularly claustrophobic or obese patients. Pink Workflow provides a dedicated multimodality Workplace that offers standard MRI evaluation, it enhances breast reading and reporting, and it is coupled with syngo BreVis, a computer-aided tool for real-time breast analysis. It is easy-to-use, fast, and reliable. Pink Applications allows for faster imaging, excellent clinical detail, shorter exams – all part of the dedicated solution for breast care. With its optimized applications, MAGNETOM Espree-Pink enables you to see more, by improving accuracy and showing more details. These applications enable truly comprehensive breast care, helping to improve diagnostic confidence as well as patient care.† (www.siemens.com/espree-pink) Financial Considerations In the acquiring of the MAGNETOM Espree-Pink there are some financial aspects to be considered. The manufacture’s price of the equipment is listed at $1.5 million and listed are a couple of options that could provide for this capital expenditure. We would like to look at available alternatives to acquiring this equipment: purchasing or leasing. The cost benefits of leasing include the ability to lease for a short period of time with less expense and the ability to upgrade the equipment as technology changes. For example, with a five-year lease of $150,000 per year, we will pay $750,000 over the life of lease. The immediate rate of return may be greater which may reduce the expense of the equipment. For example: The assumption is that the charge per usage is $2000 and numbers are based on number of patients seen per year.# of Patients Cost of Equipment Lease per year Operations Cost Per Incidence Total Expense Profit 750 $150,000 $500 $525,000 $975,000 1000 $150,000 $500 $650,000 $1.35 million 1250 $150,000 $500 $775,000 $1.725 million The cost benefit of purchasing the equipment is that it would be owned outright by the hospital. The ROI may be seen within the first three years. This can be done by purchasing directly or by financing the purchase. We now have to consider the fixed cost of the purchase price per year and its depreciation and interest. Our operation cost per incidence will now remain the same as leasing the equipment. Our number of patients is assumed to be the same as our option for leasing along with our procedure charge of $2000. # of Patients Cost of Equipment Purchase Operations Cost Per Incidence Total Expense Profit 750 $315,000 $500 $690,000 $810,000 1000 $315,000 $500 $815,000 $1.185 million 1250 $315,000 $500 $940,000 $1.560 million In conclusion, the technological advances of MAGNETOM Espree-Pink can provide numerous benefit to the radiology department by enhancing the speed and accuracy of diagnoses, facilitating earlier and more accurate treatment predicating breast cancer and generating additional revenue. The initial cost of purchasing or leasing will be a great expense to the hospital, but the ROI will outweigh the initial cost over a five year period. I believe that the MAGNETOM Espree-Pink will meet the critical needs of the hospital and our community in which we serve. References Cleverley, William, O., Cleverley, James, O., & Song, Paula, H. (2011). Essentials of health care finance – 7th ed. MAGNETOM Espree-Pink (http://usa.healthcare.siemens.com/magnetic-resonance-imaging/0- 35-to-1-5tmri-scanner/magnetom-espree-pink)